t 



BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE 81 



(c) Not to take names from barbarous languages, unless those names are 



frequently cited in books of travel, and have an agreeable form that 

 is readily adaptable to the Latin tongue and to the tongues of civilized 

 countries. 



(d) To indicate, if possible, by the formation or ending of the name the 



affinities or analogies of the genus. 



(e) To avoid adjectives used as nouns. 



(/) Not to give a genus a name whose form is rather that of a subgenus or 

 section (e. g. Eutorula, a name given to a genus of Saccharomycetaceae 

 Imperfectae. This, however, being legitimate, cannot be altered). 



(g) Not to make names by combining words from different languages (rioviina 

 hybrida) . 



Art. 26. Names of subgenera and sections are usually substantives 

 resembling the names of genera : e. g. Fraxinaster, Archieracium. 

 Names of subsections and other lower subdivisions of genera are pref- 

 erably adjectives in the pleural number agreeing in gender with the 

 generic name and written with an initial capital, or their place may be 

 taken by an ordinal number or a letter: e. g. Pleiostylae, Fimhriati, 

 Bihracfeolata. 



Recommendations : 



XI. Botanists constructing names for subgenera or sections will do well to attend 

 to the preceding recommendations and also to the following: — 



(a) To give, where possible, to the principal division of a genus a name which 



recalls that of the genus with some modification or addition. Thus 

 Eu may be placed at the beginning of the generic name when it is 

 of Greek origin, -astmrn, -ella at the end of the name when Latin, or 

 any other modification consistent with the grammar and usages of the 

 Latin language: e. g. Eucardamine (from Cardamine) , Drabella (from 

 Draha). 



(b) To avoid giving to a subgenus or a section the name of the genus to which 



it belongs, with the ending -oides or -opsis: but on the contrary to 

 reserve this ending for a section which resembles another genus and by 

 then adding -oides or -opsis to the name of that other genus, if it is 

 of Greek origin, to form the name of the section. 



(c) To avoid taking as the name of a subgenus or section a name which is 



already in use as such in another genus, or which is the name of a 

 genus. 



(d) To avoid in co-ordinated subdivisions of a genus the use of names in the 



form of a noun together with those in the form of a plural adjective; 

 the former should he used chiefly for subgenera and sections, the latter 

 for subsections, series and subseries. 



XII. When it is desired to indicate the name of a subgenus or section (or other 

 subdivision to which a particular species belongs) in connection with the generic 

 name and specific epithet, the name of the subdivision is placed in parentheses be- 

 tween the two (where necessary, the rank of the subdivision is also indicated) : e. g. 

 Achorion (Sect. Lophophyton) muris. 



§4. Names of Species (hinary names). 



Art. 27. Names of species are binary combinations consisting of the 

 name of the genus followed by a single specific epithet. If an epithet 

 consists of two or more words, these must either be united into one or 

 joined by a hyphen. Symbols forming part of specific epithets pro- 

 posed by Linnaeus must be transcribed. 



The specific epithet, when adjectival in form and not used as a sub- 

 stantive, agrees with the generic name. 



Recommendations : 



XIII. The specific epithet should, in general, give some indication of the appear- 

 ance, the characters, the origin, the history or the properties of the species. If 

 taken from the name of a person it usually recalls tlie name of the one who dis- 

 covered or described it, or was in some way concerned with it. 



