156 MEDICAL MYCOLOGY 



in Protomyces the whole protoplasm of the ascus migrates into a large saccate 

 protuberance and develops its spores there, after the return to suitable con- 

 ditions of the environment. 



Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Splendore) Almeida, Annaes Fac. Med. Sao 

 Paulo 5: [1-19], 9 pis., 1930. 



Zymonema hrasiliensis Splendore, Bull. Soc. Path. Exot. 5: 313-319, 1912. 



Coccidioides hrasiliensis Almeida, Annaes Fac. Med. Sao Paulo 4: 91-98, 

 4 pis., 1929. 



Monilia hrasiliensis Vuillemin, Champ. Paras. Homme 86, 1931 



Apparently this species gains entrance into the host usually through the 

 digestive tract, while Coccidioides im^nitis enters through the lungs ; both may 

 enter through wounds of the skin. P. hrasiliensis is abundant in the lymphatics 

 and rare in bone and lungs, while C. immitis is rare in the lymphatics and un- 

 known in the intestines, but common in the bones and lungs. Positive inocula- 

 tions of experimental animals are obtained with difficulty except in the tes- 

 ticles, where only local lesions are observed. 



Sprout cells in the tissues, spherical up to 40/^, developing into asci which 

 bud out spores about the periphery until the dense protoplasm is used up. 



Cultures obtained with difficulty. On Sabouraud agar, colonies white or 

 gray, cottony like pleomorphic mycelium of dermatophytes, growth very slow. 

 In broth and simple agar (pH 7.4) spherical forms similar to those found in 

 tissues forming a yellowish, wrinkled, cerebriform colony (resembling that 

 of Achorion Schoenleini) . 



This species differs from Coccidioides immitis in the smaller asci, different 

 method of spore discharge, and difficulty of culture and animal inoculation. 



Doubtful Position 



Neogeotrichum 0. Magalhaes, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 26: 151-167, Pis. 

 36-40, 1932. 



The type species is Oidium pulmoneum 0. Magalhaes non aliorum. 



Mycelium hyaline, septate, branches terminating in arthrospores or blasto- 

 spores, fine, delicate, about lyu, in diameter, irregular or without septa ; bacillary 

 forms developing in special cysts; large asci as in Coccidioides which finally 

 discharge their spores as in Paracoccidioides, colonies cerebriform, dry, or spinu- 

 lose and moist ; forming a pellicle on liquid media, fermenting sugars ; liquefy- 

 ing gelatin. 



I wish that the life cycle of this very curious organism were more fully 

 described. One is almost inclined to think it may be based upon two or- 

 ganisms, one Paracoccidioides or a very closely related species, the other Actino- 

 myces. Even with this the curious bacilliform cells borne in cysts are difficult 

 to explain. Can they be gametes similar to those of SpermophtJiora or are they 

 an artefact or contamination? The genus must remain of doubtful position 

 until single cell isolations are made and the life cycle traced through in great 

 detail. Evidently it is not closely related to Oeotrichiim or the imperfect 

 Eremascaceae. 



