EREMASCACEAE IMPERPECTAE 201 



MYCOTORULA 



Mycotorula Will, Centralbl. Bakt. II, 46: 226-28], 1916. 



The type species is Mycotorula craterica Will. M. radioplicata was also described at the 

 same time and neither designated as the type by Will. 



Sprout mycelium, unbranched or branched, composed of elongate cells, never forming co- 

 enocytic or septate mycelium. Blastospores spherical or ellipsoid, separating from the parent 

 hypha and reproducing by sprouting, forming short unbranched or branched chains, never 

 crowns. Pellicles are usually promptly formed on liquid media, in which sprout cells usually 

 predominate. Giant colonies flat, smooth, with a wavy, more or less regular margin, usually 

 with a crater formation or shallow radial furrows, often with bundles of hyphae penetrating 

 the substrate. Gelatin rapidly liquefied. Sugars fermented. Organic acids easily assimilated, 

 acids formed in most sugar-containing media. Ethyl alcohol assimilated. No pigment forma- 

 tion, fluorescence, or odor. Hydrogen sulphide produced in mineral nutrient solutions contain- 

 ing powdered sulphur. 



PSEUDOMYCODERMA 



Fseudomycoderma Will, Centralbl. Bakt. II, 46: 278-281, 1916. 



The type species is Pseudomycoderma vini Will. 



Cells fusiform, with 1-3 oil globules, shorter cells citriform suggesting those of Pseiodo- 

 saccharomyces, also small spherical cells with a single oil globule. Pseudomycelium branched, 

 of long slender cells, terminal portions of the branches not forked. Pellicle developing rapidly 

 on malt extract, at first small islets, resembling a drop of fat, then confluent, but still showing 

 the points of union of the separate islets, the upper portions becoming chalk-white, gas bubbles 

 collecting under the pellicle. In old cultures the pellicle is compact and tough, brownish or 

 slightly reddish. On other liquid media, the islets are rapidly confluent, the pellicle is vigorous, 

 smooth, white and glassy, easily sinking to the bottom. Colony folded, center crateriform, 

 upper portions of the fold chalky. Gelatin slowly liquefied; sugars fermented; hydrogen 

 sulphide produced in mineral nutrient solutions to which powdered sulphur is added. 



CANDIDA 



Candida Berkhout, De Scliimmelgeslachten Monilia, Oidium, Oospora en Torula 63, 1923. 



Geotrichoides Langeron & Talice, Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 10: 62-69, 1932. 



This genus was based on the group of animal parasites which had previously been placed 

 in Monilia Bonorden. Its type species was Candida vidgaris Berkhout {Monilia Candida 

 Bonorden and Monilia Bonordeni Vuillemin.) Unfortunately Berkhout, while renaming M. 

 Candida Bonorden to avoid a reduplicating binomial (Candida Candida) in accordance with the 

 international rules, overlooked the fact that M. Bonordeni was a synonym and must be used. 

 The correct name, therefore, should be Candida Bonordeni (Berkhout) Dodge n. comb. 



Langeron & Talice (1932) commit a grave error, when dismembering this genus as con- 

 ceived by Berkhout, in not retaining C. Bonordeni as the type species, but placing this species 

 in Geotrichoides and making Candida tropicalis (Castellani) Langeron &/ Talice the type of 

 this genus. Consequently the only course open is to reduce their Geotrichoides to synonymy 

 with Candida Berkhout, and to find a new name for the group which they call Candida. Such 

 nomenclatorial changes are very unfortunate and should be avoided. 



The genus was characterized by small, ovoid, or spherical conidia arising by sprouting 

 from the cells of reduced hj-phae; conidia germinating by sprouting or by germ tubes. Sugars 

 fermented. Mostly pathogenic on man. 



Langeron & Talice characterize their Geotrichoides as follows: Colonies membranous, 

 thick, radially folded or areolate, with tufts of hyphae giving the colony a dull velvety appear- 



