276 MEDICAL MYCOLOGY 



cept melon) and on peptone gelatin, the yeast form is abundant, while on 

 sucrose gelatin, both fonns are found. No ascospores observed, chlamydo- 

 spores not uncommon (Fig. 50). 



The description of Fischer and Brebeck (1894) is the first which enables 

 us to recognize the organism from its cultural description, consequently it may 

 be taken as a standard for the description of cultural characters and associ- 

 ated with the morphology so well figured by Quinquaud in 1868. 



This organism or rather the various strains (mostly very imperfectly de- 

 scribed morphologically and culturally) referred here by their authors, seem 

 to be largely facultative parasites, which may invade many tissues when 

 bodily resistance is lowered by disease, senility, etc. The organism is most 

 frequently reported on infants and aged persons, usually in the mouth. This 

 or similar organisms have been reported from the throat in angina, and from 

 the tonsils, the nipples of nursing mothers, occasionally on skin of badly in- 

 fected infants, bronchial tubes (old cases probably to be referred to other 

 species of this group), in the bladder of diabetics, in female genitalia, and in 

 the alimentary canal. It will be noted that many of the cases cited by Fischl 

 (1919) date from the time when it was customary to call any mycelium-pro- 

 ducing yeast from the human cases Monilia albicans or one of its synonyms 

 without comparison with descriptions of previous strains. The only way to 

 prevent further confusion seems to be to take the description of Fischer & 

 Brebeck (1894) as a standard and name strains which are not conspecific with 

 it as something else. 



Occurring on the mucous membrane of the vagina and in the mouths of 

 infants. Pathogenic to rabbits when inoculated in eye. 



In young malt extract cultures, cells spherical or ovoid, very variable in 

 size, sprouting. Also occasional elongate cells connected in short chains or 

 longer pseudomycelium. In cultures from room temperatures to 27° C, cells 

 show large vacuoles and one or more metachromatic granules. In malt ex- 

 tract cultures several weeks old, spherical cells 8/a or more in diameter, also 

 short-ovoid, occasional elongate-ellipsoid and filiform cells. Also longer, sep- 

 tate, branched mycelium like that of molds. Similar morphology on old whey 

 cultures with the spherical sprout cells attaining a diameter of 18-20/i,. Each 

 cell contains 1-4 fat droplets 1.5-4/x in diameter (Fig. 51). 



Giant colonies white to yellow-white, moist, shining, projecting to 2 mm. 

 above the gelatin, guttiform to conic, pulpy in consistency. On gelatin streak, 

 a thick, yellowish white, moist colony which (after liquefaction of the sub- 

 strate) sinks to the bottom in the form of a thick, grayish powdery white or 

 pulpy sediment, leaving the gelatin clear. On stab growth in all directions 

 like a root system. On malt extract between 25° and 27° C, a smooth, dull 

 grayish white pellicle. Glucose, levulose, and maltose fermented. Sucrose only 

 fermented after it has been inverted by the acids formed. Gelatin rapidly 

 liquefied (liquefaction complete in 2 weeks). 



