342 MEDICAL MYCOLOGY 



(asporogenous strains only). Bamberger uses Pseudosaccharomyces for any 

 asporogenous yeast without reference to spore shape. His use became the type 

 of Parasaccharomyces (see p. 265). Briosi & Farneti follow Samberger in their 

 definition but apply it to an organism of wholly different affinities. Pseudosac- 

 charomyces must either be dropped as a permanent source of confusion or used 

 in the original sense of van Laer. If the former is done, Kloeckera is the next 

 valid name for the group. Klocker (1912) restricted Pseudosaccharomyces 

 to asporogenous yeasts with citriform cells and described 16 new species. Cif erri 

 & Redaelli, Ann. Myc. 27: 243, 1929, and Lodder, Anaskosporogenen Hefen 

 1: 232, 1934, characterize Kloeckera as follows: 



Cells usually apiculate or citriform, with occasional ellipsoid cells; not 

 producing ascospores, single or only slightly clinging together, smooth, hyaline 

 or bright colored; usually fermenting and producing acid in sugars; assimilat- 

 ing peptone only ; no growth on alcohol ; gelatin liquefied. 



This genus is saprophytic, usually isolated from soils. No mammalian 

 pathogens so far reported. 



ATELOSACCHAROMYCES 



Atelosaccharomyces Beurmann & Gougerot, Tribune Med. 42: 502, 1909. 



The type species is Atelosaccharomyces Busse-Buschki (Cryptococcus homi- 

 nis). To illustrate the morphology of the genus the authors figure the Crypto- 

 coccus of Gotti & Brazzola {A. Gottii) and Cryptococcus guttulafus (Saccharo- 

 mycopsis guttulatus) . 



Cells always thick-walled in tissue, usually so on media in the adult stage ; 

 sediment usually slimy, pellicle rare; gelatin not liquefied, sugars fermented. 



This genus was originally conceived as a name for all the asporogenous 

 yeasts, in which sense it is synonymous with Cryptococcus, a much older name. 

 By emending the description, however, to include only those forms which 

 ferment sugars and do not liquefy gelatin, we have a very serviceable genus 

 to cover a group of pathogens. Unless one is to disregard all the work of 

 most of the older authors and develop a wholly new set of criteria of genera, 

 this seems the best arrangement. Even so several species are of doubtful 

 position because of brief descriptions. There is practically not a single char- 

 acter of strictly generic or specific rank which has been recorded for every 

 species so far described in the imperfect yeasts. It is to be hoped that by 

 calling attention to the older literature, that some of these species may be 

 found again and described in sufficient detail to show their place in the clas- 

 sification. 



Key to Species 



Ferments glucose and fructose only. 



Colony white on most media, becoming grayish brown on potato. 



A. hominis. 

 Colony white on most media, becoming yellowish on potato; almost no growth on blood 

 serum. A. Catanei. 



