M2 MEDICAL MYCOLOGY 



Copulation is reported to occur between ascospores before germination. The 

 end member of this series is Schwarmiomyces, where the spore is rough as well 

 as saturnine, the spore number is usually 1 per ascus, very rarely 2. Projec- 

 tions simulating copulatory canals are produced, but the asci develop par- 

 thenogenetically. 



Key to Genera 



IVEycelium present and well developed, no assimilation of nitrate. 



Copulation heterogamous ; no sprout mycelium, although the cells of the mycelium break 

 apart into arthrospores; a thin pellicle on malt, also on ethyl alcohol. 



Endomyces. 

 Copulation isogamous, sprout mycelium also present, pellicle thick, often gelatinous, on 

 malt, none on ethyl alcohol. Endomycopsis. 



Mycelium absent although a pseudomycelium of sprout cells may be formed. 

 Ascospores cucuUate. 



Yeast cells elongate, or ovoid ; copulation present ; nitrates assimilated ; thick, 

 wrinkled pellicle on malt, often dry and powdery, fermentation of sugars positive, 

 pellicle on ethyl alcohol. Hansenula. 



Yeast cells citriform, sprouting only from the poles, no copulation, nitrates not 

 assimilated, no pellicle on malt, only weak fermentation of glucose, no growth 

 on ethyl alcohol. Hanseniospora. 



Ascospores saturnine, yeast cells ovoid or spherical, copulation of ascospores before 

 germination reported, nitrates assimilated; thick, wrinkled pellicle on malt, 

 fermentation of sugars positive, pellicle on ethyl alcohol. 



Williopsis. 

 Ascospores saturnine and rough, yeast cells ovoid, copulatory canals formed but not 

 functional, nitrates not assimilated, usually only a thin ring on malt, occasionally 

 a slimy pellicle; fermentation of sugars positive, very poor growth on ethyl 

 alcohol. Schwanniomyces. 



HANSENULA 



Hansenula Sydow, Ann. Myc. 17: 44, 1919. 



Willia Hansen, Centralbl. Bakt. II, 12: 529, 1904 not Willia Miill. 



The type species is Hansenula anomala (Hansen) Sydow. 



Yeast cells ovoid to elongate, multiplication by sprouting, the sprout cells 

 often clinging together in chains. On liquid media containing sugar a thick 

 pellicle formed, dry and dull from the included air; fermentation of sugars 

 positive, aesculin hydrolyzed, nitrate assimilated, good growth with pellicle 

 formation on ethyl alcohol; ascospores eucullate, 1-4 per ascus. 



Hansenula anomala (Hansen) Sydow, Ann. Myc. 17: 44, 1919. 



Saccharomyces anomalus Hansen, C. R. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg 3: 44, 1891. 

 Ann. Micrographie 3: 467-474, 1891. 



Willia anomala Hansen, Centralbl. Bakt. II, 12: 529, 1904. 



Willia anomala var. Beauverie and Lesienr, Jour. Pliysiol. Path. Gen. 14: 

 991, 992, 1912. 



Saccharomyces Beauveriei Froilano de Mello, Arq. Ilig. Pat. Exot. 6: 246, 

 1918 [based on case of Beauverie & Lesieur 1912]. 



