TRICHOPHYTONEAE 463 



the Ectothrix faviforme group as FavotricJiophyton, and the rest of the Ecto- 

 thrix gToup as EctotricJiophyton, dividing it into two subgenera as Microtricho- 

 phyton for the mieroi'de subsection centering around T. mentagrophytes (T. 

 gypseum) and the residue as Euectotrichrophyton. Finally, they placed in 

 AtricJiophytoH a residue of several rather atypical species not included by 

 Sabouraud. 



In 192,3, Ota and Langeron based a new classification on morphology as 

 found in cultures on Sabouraud agar. They renamed Achorion as GruhyeUa, 

 raised the Tricliophyton ectothrix faviform group to generic rank as Bodinia, 

 resei'\^ed Tiichophyton for those species in which neither closterospores nor 

 nodular organs were known, recognized Epidermophyton in its traditional sense 

 as having only fusiform spores, and placed the residue of Trichophyton (mostly 

 the microide group) and Microspormn in a new genus called Sahouraudites 

 (instead of Microsporiim as required in the International Rules). They also 

 violated the Rules in renaming Achorion as Grubyella. 



The next year, ignoring tlie names proposed by Ota & Langeron, Grigo- 

 rakis proposed Aleurosporia to replace Trichophyton as emended by Ota & 

 Langeron ; Arthrosporia to include Endodermophyton, Bodinia, and Achorion; 

 Spiralia for the T. ectothrix microide group which produce spirals; Chlamydo- 

 aleurosporia for species with chlamydospores and aleurospores, comprising T. 

 to7isiira}is and the section Aleurocloster of Ota & Langeron. The residue was 

 divided between Closterosporia and Closteroaleurosporia. Closterosporia in- 

 cluded Epidermophyton, some of the animal Neoniicrosporuytis, and Achorion 

 gypseum. Closteroaleurosporia included human Microsporiim Audouini, two 

 Achorions from domestic animals, and T. farinulentum and T. persicolof of the 

 microide group. 



In 1925, Vuillemin proposed that all species with closterospores be placed 

 in Fusoma, ignoring the fact that in that genus there is very little mycelium 

 and that if these species were to be placed in an already existing genus they 

 could be more logically assigned to Blast otrichum. Trichophyton was placed in 

 synonym}' with Aleurisma. Achorion, Endodermophyton and the faviform 

 group of Trichophyton, were placed with Mycoderma among the yeasts, in 

 total disregard of their morphology. 



In 1927 Guiart and Grigorakis attempted to simplify the confusion by 

 recognizing Microsporum with two subgenera. The first of these, Clostero- 

 sporia, included Neomirrospornm of Sabouraud, Spir(dia of Grigorakis. and 

 Epidermophyton; a second subgenus, Closteroaleurosporia, is identical with 

 Grigorakis' former genus of that name. Trichophyton, comprising his Chlamy- 

 doaleurosporia and Aleurosporia, is essentially the same as Castellani & Chal- 

 mers' Trichophyton or Sabouraud 's Trichophyton Avithout the microide and 

 faviform group and T. violaceum. Achorion ha.s been extended to include 

 Gruhyella, Bodinia, and Endodermophyton, his okl genus Arthrosporia. Guiart 

 and Grigorakis, however, foresee a probable splitting of their Achorion into its 

 components. 



In 1928, Ciferri tried to conflate the work of Ota & Langeron with the early 

 classification of Grigorakis. He would recognize Spiralia of Grigorakis and 



