TRICHOPHYTONEAE 



493 



An endemic disease of the Puru Bora Indians along the Rio San Miguel, 

 Matte Grosso, Brazil. The plaques are confluent, circinate, squamose, achromic, 

 on the face, neck, and front of the thorax. The scales are easily detached over 

 the surface of the lesion, white or colorless, from less than 1 mm. to 5 mm. 

 in diameter. There is no abnormal pigmentation. The native name of the 

 disease is chimbere or baanecedutu. Ota & Kawatsure (1931) succeeded in 

 both human and animal inoculation. In experimental animals, the lesions 

 were similar to Ecfotrichophyton in the hair. 



Both terminal and intercalary chlamydospores present in cultures (Fig. 85). 



Colonies cerebriform, humid, yellow, sometimes reddish, elevated. 



ECTOTRICHOPHYTON 



Ectotrichophyton Castellani & Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med. ed. 3, 1003-1008, 

 1919 (pro parte majore) ; Neveu-Lemaire, Precis Parasitol. Hum. 51-53, 1921. 



Microtrichophyton Neveu-Lemaire, Precis Parasitol. Hum. 53, 54, 1921. 



Spiralia Grigorakis, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. X, 7: 409, 1925. 



Type species : Ectotrichophyton mentagropkytes (Robin) Castellani & 

 Chalmers {Trichophyton gypseum Bodin, T. asteroides Sabouraud). 



Mycelium dimorphic, spirals, closterospores (or nodular organs derived 

 from them), chlamydospores and aleurospores present; giant colonies usually 

 powdery, rarely velvety ; producing suppurating lesions in the horny layer of 

 the mammalian epidermis, invading the hair follicle and often surrounding the 

 hair with a sheath of mycelium and small spores, not penetrating the hair 

 itself. 



This genus was originally based on all of the ectothrix species of Tricho- 

 phyton. Castellani & Chalmers divided the genus into three subgenera : Micro- 

 trichophyton, Euectotrichophyto7i, and Favotrichophyton, the first group being 

 the larger. Neveu-Lemaire, two years later, decided to split the genus still fur- 

 ther. Instead of retaining the name for the section Euectotrichophyton in ac- 

 cordance with the usual practice of botanists, he retained the name for the sec- 

 tion Microtrichophyton which contained the largest number of species, a pro- 

 cedure often recommended by botanists, since it results in fewer new combina- 

 tions of names. Neveu-Lemaire then proceeded to use Microtrichophyton for 

 Trichophyton felineum and T. dentictdatum (the T. niveum group of Sabou- 

 raud) . Subsequent work by Langeron and Milochevitch showed that this species 

 is closely related to the E. mentagropliytes group by its morphology, as well as 

 by the type of lesion caused. 



Grigorakis based his genus Spiralia on three species: -S^. mentagrophytes 

 (Robin) Grigorakis (1932), 8. asteroides (Sabouraud) Grigorakis (1925). and 

 S. radiolata (here treated as a variety of E. mentagrophytes) . As originally 

 described, the genus was sepa:rated solely on the presence of spiral hyphae. This 

 character, as Grigorakis used it, is insufficient, but the further work of Langeron 



