674 MEDICAL MYCOLOGY 



The type species is PuUularia puUulans (Bary in Low) Berkhout. 



Hyphae dark colored, blastospores ovoid and lighter colored, occasionally 

 absent. Hyphae composed of chains of dark, thick-walled large cells. Cul- 

 tures at first yeastlike, then velvety, dark with lighter margin, sometimes 

 remaining light colored for a long time. Sugars not fermented. 



It is extremely doubtful whether this genus is pathogenic, although P. 

 puUulans is sometimes so reported. 



Pullularia puUulans (Bary in Low) Berkhout, de Schimmelgeschlachten 

 Monilia, Oidium, Oospora en Torula 54, 55, 1923 ; Ashford, Porto Eico Jour. 

 Publ. Health & Trop. Med. 5: 188-195, 1 pi., 1929. 



Deniatium puUulans Baiy in Low, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 6: 467-475, Pis. 29, 

 30, 1868. 



Isolated from extensive and deep-seated lesions, on the palms of the hands 

 and the soles of the feet as well as on chest, arms, and legs. Lesions darkly 

 pigmented and heavily crusted with deep infiltration of the skin. Eruption 

 began as small vesicles on the toes, which broke and were covered later by 

 crusts. Obstinate, finally cured by intravenous sodium iodide. No proof of 

 pathogenicity. According to the authors, probably a saprophyte, but detailed 

 to warn other investigators of this ubiquitous organism which vnsiy occur in 

 cultures from various sources. 



In hanging drop at first sprouting from any part of parent cell. The 

 daughter cell may separate in a few hours or it may grow to normal size while 

 still attached, forming short, sometimes branched chains. Then almost simul- 

 taneously all cells in the chain put forth sprouts laterally. These lateral cells 

 usually remain smaller and are sometimes referred to as conidia. They may 

 separate and either continue sprouting or develop true hyaline hyphae, espe- 

 cially on solid media where the central axis of the colony is formed by the 

 chain and its lateral sprouts, intersected by the netAvork of hyphae which the 

 latter produce. These become so intricate that it is no longer easy to make 

 out the structure of the colony. In liquid media, the sprouting cells often 

 become uniseptate (the Cladosporium stage). Finally, some of the cells greatly 

 thicken their walls and produce a black pigment. This process continues 

 until the surface of the colony becomes a layer of these hypnospores. If con- 

 ditions favorable for renewed growth are present, they germinate by fine 

 filamentous hyphae. If conditions continue unfavorable, the walls of the 

 hypnospores gelify and fuse into a blackish or dark yellow crust. They ordi- 

 narily do not subsequently germinate but rather serve to protect the sprout 

 cells beneath. Ciferri & Ashford report that the terminal cells of the hyphae 

 are clavate to subspheric and sometimes sprout chains of cells, superficially 

 suggesting Hormodendron. 



Young colonies white and similar to those of yeasts, older colonies with 

 yellowish tan to brown spots, then black and shining, finally black, opaque 

 (fumagoid type). In liquid cultures, colonies in tufts growing downward 

 from surface, not forming sediment, white becoming grayish and greenish 

 with a maroon surface. No fermentation has been noted in any sugars, al- 



