670 MEDICAL MYCOLOGY 



DEMATIUM 



Vematium Pcrsoon, Neues Mag. f. Bot. 1: 121, 1794. 



Persoon first described this genus in 1794 reprinted with additional notes as Dispositio 

 Meth. Fung. 41, 1797, as follows: " Filis subfasciculatis erectis pulverulentis. " He divides 

 it into two sections: Rigida subfasciculata which includes D. mirev/m, and D. ai-ticulatum, on 

 Allium, and Molliora cespitem. latum efformantia which includes D. ahietinum on Pinus and 

 Abies (Picea excelsior) and D. virescens on decaying twigs. Hoffman, in Deutschl. Flora, 

 PI. 13, 1795, used the same genus name without reference to Persoon for D. verticillatum.^ and 

 D. antennaeforme, the former belonging in the genus Arthrinium, the latter transferred later 

 by Persoon to Toriila and since treated there. In his Dispositio Meth. Fung, in 1797 Persoon, 

 in supplementary material on p. ITi, gives a more complete description of D. aurewm with two 

 varieties and adds D. Rippocaslani and D. herbarmn. 



It would seem best to consider D. articulatum the type of the genus since it is the only 

 one figured, although the figure is not very helpful. Since it is reported on Allium, it is quite 

 likely that Xenodochus Allii Harz (Torula Allii Sacc.) should be referred here. It is also 

 likely that D. aiietinum on Picea excelsa {Pinus Abies L.) is the same as Tonola gnunulosa 

 Lindau. In this case perhaps Groups 2 and 4 of Lindau 's Toi-ula belong in Dematium. 



In Persoon 's Syn. Meth. Fung. p. 694, 1801, Dematium is characterized as " Byssus 

 forma indeterminata, erecta OAit depressa, subfasciculata OMt effusa. Fila laevia nee con- 

 texta." Again lie divides into two groups "Rigida simplex aiU fasciculata" with D. 

 articulatum, D. verticillatum Hoffm., D. ciliare (Hypoxylon ciliare Bull.), D. epiphyllum, D. 

 strigosum (Byssus fulva Humb.), D. stuposum, D. bombycinu/m' (Byssus Bombycinus Roth); 

 and "Cespitosa subintertexta nee panmmi s. pellem referentia" which included D. petraeum 

 (Byssus petraeus Dillw.), D. olio/re, D. violaceum, D. einnabarinv/m, D. impressum, D. vvres- 

 cens Pers., D. Hippocasfani., D. herbarum, D. brnssicae, D. fungorum, D. abietinum 

 and D. salicinum,. It is obvious by this time that the idea of a dark color had dis- 

 appeared, since D. abietinum is reported yellow cinnamon, D. impressum white, D. cinna- 

 barinum, red, D. petraeum golden, D. bombycinum white, D. stuposum tawny ferruginous, 

 D. strigosum tawny gray, leaving the rest varying shades of olivaceous to black. 



In his Mycologia Eur. 1822, Persoon again changes his concept very much. Several of 

 his species of 1801 are grouped as Dematium vvlgare which also includes Cladosporium 

 herbarum, etc. D. atrum and D. abietinum are recognized ; D. asserculorum and D. griseum 

 are transferred here from Chloridiur,i ; D. grumosnvi, D. epiphyllum, and D. grnmirmmi are 

 new; D. articulatum. and D. verticillatum are removed to the doubtful species. 



Link, in his revision of the fungi in Willdenow 's edition of Linne 's Species Plantarwm 6 : 

 131, 1824, uses Dematium in place of Racodiu/m of Persoon. Several of Persoon 's species of 

 Dematium are included in Cladosporium, D. articulatum is referred to Coelosporium fruticu- 

 losv/m, D. verticillatum to Spondylocladiii/m fumosum., D. abietinum and D. strigosu/m are said 

 to be algae, and D. virescens is referred to Sporotrichum. 



Bonorden refers Dematium to Acladium in his Handbuch dcr Mylcologie, 1851. Saccardo, 

 in his Sylloge Fung. 4: 308, 1886, uses Dem,atium in the sense of Sporodum Corda and does 

 not include any of the species of older authors, which are referred to Cladosporium herbarum 

 for most part. Lindau follows Saccardo. 



TORULA 



Torula Pers., Obs. Myc. 1: 24, 1796. 



Persoon first characterized the genus as follows: "Filis simplicibus articulatis inde- 

 terminate efusis, mucidis." He included two species Torula monilis, from the rotting stem 

 of an umbelliferous plant, characterized "late incrustans, atra, filorum. articulis globosis sub- 

 contigwis," and T. fructigena., which is the common brown rot of plums, etc. He goes on to 

 state that in this genus the spores are never in heads as in his Monilia nor branched in digiti- 



