684 MEDICAL MYCOLOGY 



dium. Pigment production abundant in glucose, galactose, or maltose, moder- 

 ate in mannite or levulose, poor in dextrin, poor or absent in inulin, sac- 

 charose, or lactose broth. Organism ferments milk and is thermophilic. 

 Gelatin liquefied. 



Madurella americana Gammel et al., Arch. Derm. Syphilol. 13: 66-77, 6 

 figs., 1926; Ibid. 15: 241-284, 20 figs., 1927. 



Acladium americanum Ota, Jap. Jour. Derm. Urol. 28: [4], 1928. 



Isolated from black grain mycetoma in Cleveland, Ohio. Animal inocula- 

 tions negative. 



Mycelium yellowish brown and darkening certain sugar media, grayish 

 white when old. Hyphae subhyaline or brown and granular, varying in di- 

 ameter from 1-5. 2/x according to the type and percentage of sugar in the 

 medium. Chlamydospores numerous, especially on Sabouraud glucose broth; 

 arthrospores with squarely cut off ends rare. 



Optimal medium for growth is 1% glucose agar. Growth on Sabouraud 

 agar none or very poor. On Griitz agar, colony tomentose or cerebriform. 

 Sclerotia, 1 mm. in diameter, form on surface of gelatin and Sabouraud con- 

 servation agar. Pigment formation is abundant in glucose, maltose, dextrin, 

 and galactose ; moderate in fructose ; poor in sucrose or lactose ; absent in 

 inulin broth. Milk is fermented, organism being thermophilic. Gelatin is 

 liquefied. 



Madurella mycetomi (Laveran) Brumpt, C. R. Soc. Biol. 57: 997-999, 1905. 



Streptothrix mycetomi Laveran, Bull. Acad. Med. Paris III, 47: 773-776, 

 Fig. 1, 1902. 



One of the commonest species producing mycetoma with black grains. 

 Laveran does not report spore or cultural characters, although he recognized 

 the characters which separate it from Actinomyces. Brumpt, Bouffard, and 

 Chabaneix give interesting case histories and clinical observations but were 

 unsuccessful in their attempts to cultivate it. Chatterjee, Centralbl. Bakt. I, 

 61: 358-365, Pis. 1, 2, 1911, was the first to describe cultural characters. Noc 

 & Jouenne, Ann. Inst. Pasteur 36: 365-385, 1922, give cultural characters in 

 detail. Puyaubert & Jolly (1918, 1920) report an interesting case in the 

 perineum extending from the base of the scrotum to within 3 cm. of the anus, 

 involving muscular tissues only. They cultivated the organism which was 

 not pathogenic for guinea pig. 



Doubtful Position 



The following species belong in Madurella but are too poorly described 

 to place more definitely. 



Aspergillus mycetomi Villabruzzi & Gelonesi, Annali Med. Nav. Colon. 

 33: 283-308, 8 figs., 1927. 



Isolated from black grain mycetoma in Somaliland. No attempt was 

 made to determine its pathogenicity. 



