BRYOZOA 253 



2. Gemellaria Savigny. Colony erect, branching; zooecia joined 

 back to back; the pairs rising from the top of one another; aperture 

 large: several species. 



G. loricata (L.)- Colony bushy, up to 20 cm. high, brown in color, 

 composed of long, straight branches; zooecia narrowed below; aperture 

 oval: in northern seas; Vineyard Sound northwards; Alaska; Europe. 



Family 3. CELLULAEIIDAE. 



Colonies erect, dichotomously branched; zooecia in 2 or more rows in 

 the same plane; avicularia and vibracula (Fig. 411), or the former alone, 

 almost ahvays present; opening not terminal, 

 usually armed with spines and usually with 

 an operculum: 8 genera. 



1. Menipea Lamouroux. Colony jointed, 

 zooecia oblong, widest above, attenuated down- 

 ward, usually with sessile avicularia and 

 ooecia; no vibracula: about 20 species, 7 

 American, mostly on the Pacific coast. 



M. ternata (Ellis and Solander). Colony 

 in small tufts, 25 mm. high; zooecia in 2 rows, A, an avicuiarium 



' ^ ' B. a vibraculum 



alternate and arranged in groups of 3; long (Deiage et Herouard). 



® ox- ^ • 1, nerve ; 2, muscles, 



fibers extend from the zooecia: circumpolar; 



Cape Cod northwards from shallow to deep water, on 



hydroids and shells ; Europe ; Pacific coast. 



2. Caberea Lamouroux. Colony not jointed; 



zooecia in 2 or more rows, quadrangular or ovate, with 



Fig. 412 ^ very large opening; sessile avicularia and enormous 



^"(Osburn)?^ vibracula as well as long, clasping fibers present: about 



15 species, 1 American. 



C. ellisi (Fleming) (Fig. 412). Colony wdth numerous branches, 25 



mm. high; zooecia in 2 to 4 rows and quadrangular; vibracula very long 



and serrate: circumpolar; Vineyard Sound northwards, from shallow to 



deep water; often common; Europe; Alaska. 



Family 4. BICELLAEIIDAE. 



Colony erect and branching; zooecia obliquely placed in 2 or more 

 rows and conical or rectangular; stalked avicularia usually present and 

 no vibracula ; ooecia at the upper end of the zooecia : IG genera. 



1. BiCELLARiA Blainville. Zooecia cornucopia-shaped, loosely joined 

 together and directed obliquely sideways : about 15 species. 



