254 BRYOZOA 



B. ciliata (L.) (Fig. 413). Colony forming feathery tufts 12 mm. 



high, white in color; zooecium with 4 to 7 very long slender spines along 



its upper margin: Atlantic coast, on hydroids and algae; Europe. 



2. BuGULA Oken. Zooecia more or less quadrangular, 



|i^J>rn *\ arranged in 2 or more rows; opening large, not oblique; 



{j^^S^ avieularia in form of a bird's head: about 35 species, 9 



^Mv\/'' on the Atlantic coast, 8 on the Pacific. 



^JO* Key to the species of Bugula here described: 



^ Oi Zooecia in 2 rows B. turrita 



Fig. 413 a^ Zooecia in 3 or more rows. 



Bicellaria 7 * • i a. ^ u c ^ t> 



ciliata f>i Aviculana not at base of aperture B. flabellata 



(Osburn). ft^ Avieularia at base of aperture B. murrayana 



B. turrita (Desor). Colony up to 30 cm. or more in height, com- 

 posed of flat branches growing in spirals, each branch with 2 rows of 

 zooecia, each zooecium with a spine on the outer upper angle; color yellow: 

 North Carolina to Casco Bay, very common in shallow water. 



B. flabellata (Thompson) (Fig. 414). Colony up to 25 

 mm. high, composed of broad flat branches, each with from •■ 

 3 to 7 rows of zooecia, each upper angle with 2 spines; of 

 an ashy color when dried, flesh color when alive: Vineyard 

 Sound and northwards in shallow water; common; Pacific * 

 coast; cosmopolitan. 



B. murrayana (Jolmston). Colony a bushy tuft up ^Butja 



to 50 mm. high and like the above, with 3 to 12 rows of flabellata 



° ' (Osburn). 



zooecia; each upper angle with a stout erect spine and „ l, poecium 



' -^^ '^ ^ 2, aviculanum 



1 to 5 long slender spines on each lateral margin; long 

 clasping fibers present; ooecia with radiating striae; straw color when 

 dry: circumpolar, south to Vineyard Sound in rather deep water; 

 Europe; Pacific coast. 



Family 5. CELLAEIIDAE. 



Colony erect, slender, cylindrical, calcareous, usually dichotomously 

 branching and jointed; zooecia in 1 or more rows, lozenge-shaped or hex- 

 agonal and arranged in series around a central axis, making the branch 

 cylindrical: 8 genera. 



Cellaria Lamouroux. Colony jointed, the internodes connected by 

 flexible horny tubes; zooecia surrounded by a raised border; avieularia 

 of simple type, resembling the ordinary zooecium; ooecia concealed, the 

 opening being just above the mouth : several species. 



C. fistulosa (L.) (Fig. 415). Shape- of zooecium variable; orifice 

 arched above, slightly incun^ed below; area surrounding it minutely 

 pitted; avicularium just above it and in the same line with the zooecium; 



