258 



BRYOZOA 



Fig. 421 



Lepralia 



pallasiana 



(Osburn). 



L. pallasiana (Moll) (Fig. 421). Zooecia large and coarsely punc- 

 tate; orifice large, contracted on each side below the middle, often with 

 an avicularium below the lower border; peristome raised and prominent; 

 no ooecia; colonies forming large, reddish crusts: common; 

 New Jersey to the Arctic Ocean, between tide lines and in 

 shallow water. 



L. pertusa (Esper). Zooecia large, swollen, punctate; 

 orifice round, contracted below by 2 lateral denticles, with 

 usually a tubercle below it; ooecia globose: Gulf of St. 

 Lawrence to Florida, on shells, etc., from shallow to deep 

 water; colored patches radiating from a common center; 

 Europe. 



2. PoRELLA Gray. Zooecia ovate or elongate, with a 

 semicircular orifice, above which is a secondary orifice, 

 this being elongate or more or less triangular and enclos- 

 ing an avicularium; colony incrusting or erect and foliaceous. 



P. concinna (Busk). Zooecia granular, arranged in lines; orifice 

 arched above, with 2 spines, frequently with a raised margin ; avicularium on 

 lower lip; ooecia globose, prominent, often with a puncture 

 in front : Cape Cod to Gulf of St. Lawrence, colony form- 

 ing large circular reddish patches ; Europe ; California. 



3. Smittina Norman. Zooecia more or less quad- 

 I'angular, with a small circular orifice which is surrounded 

 bj' an elevated ridge or peristome; primary orifice dentate, 

 secondary orifice with a sinus in front ; colony incrusting or 

 erect and foliaceous: numerous species. 



S. trispinosa (Johnston) (Fig. 422). Zooecia ovate, 

 veiy variable; orifice variable, usually round or pear- 

 shaped, often being narrowed below, with 2 to 4 spines on young indi- 

 viduals, frequently with a large avicularium at one side, occasionally 

 with 1 or 2 small oval avicularia; ooecia large, globose, usually with 

 2 or 3 punctures: Atlantic coast, colonies fonning large 

 yellow or whitish crusts; Europe; Pacific coast. 



4. MuCRONELLA Hincks. Zooecia with a semicir- 

 cular or reniform opening, the margin being elevated in 

 front and with a prominent tooth below; colony in- 

 crusting; about 50 species. 



M. peachi (Johnston) (Fig. 423). Zooecia rhom- 

 boidal; opening large, with 6 slender marginal spines 

 which may be wanting in old individuals; ooecia small: 

 Long Island Sound to the Arctic Ocean, from tide lines to deep water, 

 colony forming a large whitish irregular patch of solid texture; Europe. 



Fig. 422 

 Smittina 

 trispinosa 

 (Osburn). 



Fig. 423 

 Mucronella 

 eachi 

 sburn). 



P 

 (OS 



