82 



CCELENTEBATA 



T. pennsylvanica Potts. Sponge minute, being 6 mm. in diameter, 



remmules 



very 



numerous: eastern 



incrusting, gray or green in color; 



North America, in shallow water. 



5. Carterius Potts. Aperture of gemmule with 

 a chitinous lining wdiicli is prolonged into a tube 

 which is expanded at its outer margin and often 

 divided into long tendrils: 5 species, 3 American. 



C.tenosperma Potts (Fig. 140). Sponge yellowish- 

 green; needles rough, both long and short being pres- 

 ent; gemmules with 3 to 5 twisted tendrils which may 

 be 12 mm. long; amphidiscs as in Ephydatia: eastern 

 United States; on w^ater plants or shells. 



Fig. 140 



Portion of gem- 

 mule of Carterius 



tenosperma 

 (Sussw. F. Deut.). 



Family 2. CHALINIDAE. 



Form various; usually branched; spongin fibres often well devel- 

 oped; spicules needle-shaped; some species form gemmules like fresh- 

 water sponges : about 40 genera, all marine. 



Key to the genera of Chalinidae here described : 



Oi Spongin fibres form a regular network 1. Chalina 



Cz Spongin fibres little developed. 



6i Spicules connected at their tips to form a network 2. Reniera 



ftj Spicules confusedly massed together 3. Halicondria 



1. Chalina Bowerbank. 

 Sponges in which the spongin 

 fonns a regular rectangular 

 network in which the spicules 

 are imbedded: several species. 



C. oculata (Pallas) (Fig. 

 141). Finger sponge. Thick, 

 more or less flattened, forked or 

 digitate stalks with round ori- 

 fices 2 mm. in diameter scat- 

 tered over them; color orange 

 or red: very common from 

 Rhode Island to Labrador, in 

 1 to 80 fathoms. 



C. arbuscula Verrill. Dead 

 men's fingers. Body a cluster 

 of branches, 10 to 20 cm. long 

 and 5 to 10 mm. in diameter, of 

 delicate texture and white or gray in color : North Carolina to Cape Cod 

 in 1 to 8 fathoms; very common in Long Island Sound. 



Fig. 141 — Chalina oculata (Shaffer). 



