4. Family Calceostomatidae (Parona and Perugia, 1890) 



Price, 1937 



(Figs. 189, 190, 273) 



Calceostomidae Parona and Perugia, 1890 



Dactylogyrinae, having middle sizes. The attaching apparatus 

 consists of a sucker-shaped disc and its chitinous arnnature which consists 

 of 12 edge hooks, 2 middle hooks, which sometinnes do not differ from the 

 edge hooks in sizes, and middle plates between the middle hooks, which 

 are sometimes absent. The anterior end of the body has two wide cephalic 

 lobes into which open the ducts of numerous glands which do not concentrate 

 into separate clusters. There are 2 pairs of eyes. The intestine is two- 

 branched merging somewhat above the posterior end of both branches; out- 

 growths are fornned both towards the exterior edge of the body and towards 

 the nnesial line, as an exception the outgrowths are absent. The copulatory 

 organ is chitinous with a pipe and a supporting apparatus. The testis is 

 single. The ovary is round or flask-shaped with lobe-shaped outgrowths. 

 The vagina is unarmed or with a chitinous pipe, sometimes it is absent (?). 



Parasites of marine Perciformes (Sciaenidae and Sparidae) and p. 362 

 fresh water Cyprinlformes (Catostomidae and Ariidae). 



Type genus, Calceostoma Beneden, 1852. 



In addition to the type genus, 3 more belong to the family - - Calceostomella 

 Palombi, 1943; Anonchohaptor Mueller, 1938; and (?) Frledericianella Brandes, 1894. 



In spite of the fact that it was established 60 years ago, this family has been 

 very poorly studied. First of all, the questions concerning the presence of edge hooks 

 among its representatives and, in individual cases, about the middle hooks are not clear 

 even at the present time. Thus, in the reference of Price in the diagnosis of the type 

 genus Calceostoma It is Indicated that the disc can be unarmed, it is true that this indi- 

 cation is accompanied by a question mark. In the description of the new genus, Calceosto- 

 mella, which is separated by him, Palombi points to the absence of middle hooks in the 

 only species C. inermis (Parona and Perugia) but notes the presence of edge hooks with- 

 out Indicating their number. Actually all the Calceostomatidae have both middle and 

 edge hooks and the number of the latter is 12, i. e. , less than among all the closest 

 families, without considering or counting Protogyrodactylidae among which the number 

 of hooks, as we mentioned before arouses doubt (see page 360). In the genus Calceo- 

 stoma the middle hooks are connected by rather complex chitinous plates (Fig. 273), 

 whereas among Calceostomella and Anonchohaptor the connecting plates are absent. 

 In Calceostomella the middle hooks have a somewhat different shape and are larger than 

 the edge hooks, but they have a small supplementary chitinous thread possibly homologous 



430 



