In addition to the type genus into the conraposition of the family- 

 enter Choricotyle Beneden and Hesse, 1863; Cyclobothrium Cerfontaine, 

 1895; Echinopelma Raecke, 1945; Diclidophoropsis Gallien, 1937; 

 Heterobothrium Cerfontaine, 1895; Pedocotyle MacCallum, 1913.-'^ 



- 



The genus " Cyclocotyla " apparently pertains to the present group, but 

 we do not consider it possible to indicate it in the enumeration of the genera 

 even with a question mark (see page 225). 



The present family has a very confused synonymy both of 

 genera as well as of separate species. It will be sufficient to indicate that 

 some separate species have more than 10 synonyms. In the present work 

 we cannot dwell on this but we shall only indicate that the nomenclature of 

 the genera accepted by us is the same as the one in the re'sume'of Sproston 

 (Sproston, 1946). 



The family is usually divided into 2 subfamilies differing from 

 each other by the nature of the action of the clamps. For one subfamily 

 (Diclidophorinae Cerfontaine, 1895) it is accepted that the clamps of its 

 representatives have a pinching action, i.e., act as real clamps; whereas 

 for the other (Choricotylinae Sproston, 1946; =Cyclotylinae Price, 1943) 

 that they function as suckers. Actually, this is the only concrete difference 

 which is offered by the authors as the basis for the division of the family. 

 Thus, Price (Price, 1943a) differentiates Diclidophorinae by the presence 

 among them of the "clamp-shaped" suckers and Cyclocotylinae- -by "cup- 

 shaped" suckers. Sproston (Sproston, 1946) writes simply that in the first 

 subfamily the organs of attachment act as clamps, whereas in the second-- 

 as suckers, mentioning at the same time that the musculature extending 

 from the body into the clamps terminates in Choricotylinae by a special 

 sucker on the interior side of the capsule of the clamp, whereas in 

 Diclidophorinae it merely enters the clamp from its interior edge. 



As the first source of these opinions can be considered the 

 statement of Cerfontaine (Cerfontaine, 1895) who, describing the new 

 species Diclidophora labracis ( = Choricotyle labracis according to the 

 present system), of which he found only one specimen, indicates that the p. 432 



organs of attachment of this species act as suckers in the real sense of 

 the word and especially considers the question about the peculiarities of 

 the musculature and the chitinous elements of the "suckers." Nevertheless, 

 the question about the attachment of Diclidophoridae is not so simple and 

 can hardly be solved in the way it has been attempted. However, it is 



possible to suppose that a basic means of attachment for all Diclidophoridae 

 is the pinching of the tissues of the host, i.e., the action of the attaching 

 organs according to the principle of the clamp. With this it is impossible 

 to deny also the fact that the elements of adhesion play an undeniable, 



517 



