462 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Honduras; and Gulf of Campeche.*" Its range includes the West Indian region in 

 general,'! as well as the waters around southern Florida northward on the east to 

 Biscayne Bay. It is characterized as "often seen" in Bermuda waters, both in Castle 

 Harbor and offshore. '^ It is not recorded from the east coast of Florida north of Biscayne 

 Bay, from Georgia, or from South Carolina, but it appears in the vicinity of Cape Beau- 

 fort, North Carolina in considerable numbers, at least in some summers, and in the 

 enclosed waters (if less commonly) in the vicinity of Beaufort. It has been described as 

 reaching Chesapeake Bay,^^ though no recent evidence of its presence that far north 

 has come to hand. 



In the Gulf of Mexico it has been recorded on various occasions from: Boca 

 Grande, Lemon Bay near Englewood, Sarasota, Tampa, and Cedar Keys along the 

 west coast of Florida; from Main Pass and Barataria Bay, Louisiana, and in the Gulf 

 three miles out from the latter; also from the Gulf of Campeche; hence it is to be expected 

 anywhere along the western shore of the Gulf. 



Synonyms'* and Atlantic References'^: 



Raja narbiari Euphrasen, Handl. K. Vetensk. Akad., II, 1790: 217, pi. 10 (descr., ill., St. Bartholomew I., 



W. Indies);'^ Walbaum, P. Artedi Genera Pise. Emend. Ichthyol., 3, 1792: 528 (descr., color, by ref. 



to Euphrasen, 1790); Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801: 361 (descr., color, util., Amer. seas). 

 Raie aigle (in part), Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4° ed., in BufFon, Hist. Nat., I, 1798: pi. 6, fig. 2 (ill., ident. 



by subrostral fin and color pattern; not descr. p. 104, which is of Myliobatis). 

 Raie de Commerson, Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4° ed., in BufFon, Hist. Nat., j, 1798: 112 (descr., ident. 



by color pattern and position of dorsal fin and tail spines, Isle de France [Mauritius] and Madagascar); 



Lacepede, in Sonnini, Hist. Nat. Poiss., J, 1801— 1802: 199 (same as Lacepede, 1798). 

 Raie narinari, Sonnini, Hist. Nat. Poiss., J, 1 801-1802: 201 (color, Brazil and Guiana). 

 Eel Tenkee, Russell, Fish. Coromandel, r, 1803: 5, pi. 8 (ill., ident. by subrostral fin and color pattern, Coro- 



mandel Coast, India)." 

 Raja guttata Shaw, Gen. Zool., 5 (2), 1804: 285, pi. 142 (descr., ill, based on the Eel Tenkee of Russell, 1803, 



Indian and African seas, Madagascar, Coromandel, Brazil). 

 Aetobatus narinari Blainville, Bull. Soc. philom. Paris, 18 16: 112; also, J. Physique, 83, 18 16: 262 (name 



only); Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1896: 88 (descr., tropical Atlant. coast 



90. See Study Material, p. 453. 



91. Definite West Indian records are Trinidad, Barbados, St. Bartholomew, Turks Island, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto 

 Rico and Culebra Island; both coasts of Cuba, where many are seined (personal communication from Luis Howell- 

 Rivero), and Bimini, Bahamas, where we saw several in the local aquarium. 



92. Beebe and Tee-Van, Field Bk. Shore Fish. Bermuda, 1933: 30. 



93. It seems Hkely that repeated reports of it as ranging northward to Virginia refer back to Uhler and Lugger's (Rep. 

 Comm. Fish. Md., 1876: 184) statement that "it enters Chesapeake Bay from the ocean and is caught in seines 

 near Norfolk, Virginia." 



94. Besides the synonyms listed below. Fowler (Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 100 [jj], 1941: 473, 474) includes Myliobatis 

 tenuicaudatus Hector (Trans. Proc. N. Z. Inst., 9, 1877: 468, pi. 10), and the Ray referred to by Kent (Gt. Barrier 

 Reef, 1893: 306, pi. 48, fig. 2) as Dicerobatis erejoodo (Cuvier). But Hector's illustrations show that the first of these 

 has several series of teeth in each jaw, while it is obvious from Kent's photographs that the latter was the Devil Ray 

 Mobula diabola (Shaw) 1804. 



95. See Beebe and Tee-Van (Zoologica N. Y., 26, 1941 : 272, Stoasodon narinari) for references for the eastern Pacific, 

 and Fowler (Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 100 [13], 1941: 470) and Marchand (BuU. Fish. biol. Surv. S. Afr., 2, 1935: 

 60) for references from other parts of the Pacific, the Austrahan-Philippine-East Indian region, the Indian Ocean, 

 and the Red Sea. 



96. Bloch's (Hist. Nat. Poiss., 9, 1786: 36) use of narinari as the vernacular name for a Brazilian Myliobatis does not 

 invalidate Euphrasen's (1790) subsequent choice of it as the specific name for the Spotted Duck-billed Ray. 



97. "Raja ocellata; capite magno, exerto; . . ." Most of the scientific appellations employed by Russell were polynomial; 

 such of them as were binomial were so only accidentally, therefore they are not to be taken into account. 



