4 1 6 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Pteroplatea micrura (perhaps only in part) Fowler, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 56, 1918: 16 (G. al- 

 tavela perhaps included because reported up to 1,320 mm wide, Smiths I., Virginia). 



Gymnura altavela Fowler, Monogr. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 7, 1945 : 162, 199 (near Charleston, S. Carolina, and 

 Beaufort, N. Carolina; embryos*" 180-197 mm wide from 9 lb. mother are G. micrura, see p. 405). 



Probable References: 



Pteroplatea maclura Moseley, Rep. Va. Fish. Comm., 1877: 9 (listed, Norfolk, Virginia); Yarrow, Proc. Acad, 

 nat. Sci. Philad., 29, 1877: 216 (nos., season, near Beaufort, N.Carolina); True, List Vert. Anim. S. 

 Carolina, in Handb. S.Carolina, 1882: 160 (listed, S.Carolina); Jenkins, Johns Hopkins Univ. Stud. 

 Biol., 4, 1887: 84 (nos., Beaufort, N. Carolina); Bean, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 14, 1891 : 94 (size, capture, 

 Chesapeake Bay); Wilson, Amer. Nat., 5^, 1900: 355 (nos., Beaufort, N.Carolina); Truitt, Bean and 

 Fowler, Bull. Md. Conserv. Dep., 3, 1929: 32 (listed, Worcester County, Maryland); Bere, Amer. 

 Midi. Nat., ly, 1936: 590, 606 (copepod parasites, Lemon Bay, W. Florida); Pearse, J. Elisha Mitchell 

 sci. Soc, 52, 1936: 211 (listed. Core Sound, N.Carolina). 



Not Raja maclura Lesueur, J. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., I, 1817: 41, pi. not numbered (descr., color, ill., New- 

 port, Rhode Island; almost certainly G. altavela-., see p. 406). 



Not Trygon maclura Cuvier, Rfegne Anim., 2, 1829: 400, footnote (ref to Lesueur, 1817); Storer, Mem. Amer. 

 Acad. Arts Sci., N. S. 2, 1846: 5 (descr. for Rhode Island after Lesueur 18 17, but ref. for Connecticut 

 after Linsley 1844; not Gymnura). 



Not Pteroplatea micrura MiiUer and Henle, Plagiost., 1841: 169 (E. Indies, Java, probably equals Gymnura 

 poecilura [Shaw] 1804). 



Not Pastinaca maclura DeKay, Zool. N.Y., 4, 1842: 375, pi. 65, fig. 213 (descr., ill., size, by ref. to Lesueur, 

 1 817, equals G. altavela); Linsley, Amer. J. Sci., ^j, 1844: 77 (listed, Connecticut; probably Dasyatis 

 centroura because of large size). 



Not Pteroplatea maclura von Ihering, Rev. Mus. paul., 2, 1897: 36 (descr., stom. contents, Rio Grande do 

 Sul, Brazil; descr. with two tail spines but no spiracular tentacle, thus probably G. hirundo [Lowe] 1843; 

 see p. 398); Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. nac. Rio de J., 14, 1907: 182 (descr. of specimen reported by von 

 Ihering 1897); Fauna brasil., Peixes, 2 (i) Fasc. i, 1923: 38 (same as Ribeiro 1907); Devincenzi, Rev. 

 chil. Hist, nat., 2g, 1925: 170; An. Mus. Hist. nat. Montevideo, (2) 2, 1926: 202; Devincenzi and 

 Barattini, An. Mus. Hist. nat. Montevideo, (2) 2, Suppl. Album IctioL, 1926: pi. 4, fig. 3; Pozzi and 

 Bordale, An Soc. cient. argent., 120, 1935: 154 (equals Gymnura altavela, which see, p. 407). 



References applicable either to G. micrura or to G. altavela; no evidence as to identity: 

 Pteroplatea maclura Gill, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., Addend., 1861: 62 (listed, E. Coast N. Amer.); Baird, 

 Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish. (1871-1872), 1873: 826 (listed. Woods Hole); Gill, Smithson. misc. Coll., 

 14, 1873: 34 (listed, E. Coast U. S.); Goode, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 2, 1879: 120 (listed, Indian R., 

 Florida); Goode and Bean, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 5, 1883: 240 (listed. Gulf of Mexico); True, List 

 Vert. Anim. S.Carolina, in Handb. S.Carolina, 1883: 260 (listed, S.Carolina); Henshall, Bull. U.S. 

 Fish Comm., 14, 1895: 210 (listed, Florida); Bean, BuU. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 9, 1897: 331 (listed, 

 Gravesend Bay, New York); Evermann and Bean, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1896), 1898: 240 (listed, 

 Indian R., Florida, by ref. to Goode, 1879); Smith, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., IJ, 1898: 90 (Woods 

 Hole); Evermann and Kendall, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1889), 1900: 50 (listed, Indian R., Florida); 

 Bean, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., 60, Zool. 9, 1903 : 56 (descr., G. micrura and G. <7//iJZ'^A( apparently combined) ; 

 Gilbert and Starks, Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4, 1904: 18 (cf. Pacif. species); Fowler, Copeia, 2, 1913: 

 [2] (listed, Maryland); Nichols, Abstr. Linn. Soc. NY., 20-23, 1913: 92 (listed, near New York); 

 Sumner, Osburn and Cole, Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish., 31, 191 3: 739 (food, season, near Woods Hole); 

 Manter, Yearb. Carneg. Instn., 31, 1932: 288 (trematode parasites, Tortugas, Florida, 60 fath.). 



Family UROLOPHIDJE 



Characters. Myllobatoldea with well developed caudal fin supported by cartilag- 

 inous rays. Tail from center of cloaca a little longer than body in some but shorter 



80. Loaned to us by Charleston Museum. 



