Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 407 



Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milano, 34, 1893: 301 (Canaries, by ref. to Valenciennes, 1843); Pappenheim, 

 Ann. Naturh. (Mus.) Hofmus. Wien, 21, 1906: 96 (size, tail spines, meas., teeth, color, noise emitted, 

 Morocco); Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. nac. Rio de J., 14, 1907: iSt, 208 (descr., refs., Brazil, by ref.); Seabra, 

 Bull. Soc. portug. Sci. Nat., 6, 191 1 : 204 (listed, Portugal); Engelhardt, Abh. baycr. Akad. Wiss., Suppl. 

 ^ (3), 191 3 : 103 (range); Garman, Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., j6, 1913: 41 5, pi. 53, fig. 6, pi. 57, 

 fig. 3, pi. 72 (descr., ills., pelvis, heart, skel.); Nichols, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., JJ, 1914: 537 (fe- 

 male, 6 ft. 1 1 in. wide with embryos, C. Lookout, N. Carolina); Coles, Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 191 5: 

 93 (size, embryos, probable occurr. of others, C. Lookout, N.Carolina); RadclifFe, Bull. U.S. Bur. 

 Fish., 34, 1916: 277 (same spec, as in Nichols, 1914 and Coles, 191 5); Metzelaar, Trop. Atlant. Visschen, 

 1919: 200 (listed, C.Blanco, W. .'Africa); Coker, Copeia, no, 1922: 65 (male, Woods Hole, Mass., 

 same spec, pictured here in Fig. 95.'\, 95B); Ribeiro, Fauna brasil., Peixes, 2 (i) Fasc. i, 1923: 38 

 (same as Ribeiro, 1907); Chabanaud and Monod, Bull. Etud. Hist. Sci. Afr. Occid. Franc, 1927: 233 

 (nos.. Port Etienne, W.Africa); Nichols and Breder, Zoologica N.Y., 9, 1927: 27 (diagn., ill. Woods 

 Hole, by ref. to Coker, 1922); Breder, Field Bk. Mar. Fish. Atlant. Coast, 1929: 37 (ill., size); Jordan, 

 Manual Vert. Anim. NE U. S., 1929: 18 (diagn.); Jordan, Evermann and Clark, Rep. U. S. Comm. 

 Fish. (1928), 2, 1930: 29 (listed, trop. Atlant., N. to Medit., N. Carolina, Woods Hole); Uriarte and 

 Mateu, Notas Inst. esp. Oceanogr., (2) 5J, 1931: 33 (listed Canaries, nos. near C.Blanco); Noronha 

 and Sarmento, Peixes Madeira, 1934: 124 (Madeira; not seen); Nobre, Fauna Marinha Port. Vert., 

 J, 1935: 487, pi. 69, fig. 212 (descr., ill., Portugal); Fowler, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., yo (l), 1936: 

 131; Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., 70 (2), 1926: 11 57 (descr., ill., Virginia, Maryland specs., refs. for 

 W. ."Africa); White, Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., y4, J<)37- 91 (no. heart valves, after Garman 1913); 

 Hildebrand, Copeia, 1941: 222 (listed, C. Lookout, N.Carolina); Helling, Mem. Estud. Mus. Zool. 

 Coimbra, 149, 1943: 107 (listed, Portugal); Maul, Lista Peixes Madeira, Mus. Municipal Funchal, 

 1949: 140 (listed, Madeira). 

 Pastinaca macltira DeKay, Zool. N.Y., 4, 1842: 375, pi. 65, fig. 213 (after Lesueur, 1817). 

 Pleroplatea canariensis Valenciennes, in Webb and Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Canaries, 2 (2), Ichthyol., 1843: 100, 

 pi. 23, fig. I (descr., ill.. Canaries): Guichenot, Explor. Alger., Poiss.,5, 1850: 137 (descr., color, Algeria) ; 

 Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., /, 1865: 611 (descr., color. Canaries). 

 Dasyatis canariensis Gray, List Fish. Brit. Mus., I, 1851: 122 (listed. Canaries). 

 Dasyatis altavela Gray, List Fish. Brit. Mus., j, 1851: 122 (listed, Medit.). 



Dasyatis maclura (in part) Gray, List Fish. Brit. Mus., I, 1851 : 123 (listed, N. Amer. by ref. to Lesueur, 18 17, 



but also includes Pteroplatea maclura Miiller and Henle 1 841, equals micrura [Bloch and Schneider] 1 801). 



Pleroplatea valencienni Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., J, 1865: 612 (descr., color, Brazil); Garman, Bull. Mus. 



comp. Zool. Harv., ly, 1888: loi, pis. 44, 45 (mucous canal system, ill. shows tail spine). 

 Pteroplatea altavela var. canariensis Doderlein, Man. Ittiol. Medit., 2, 1881: 232 (descr., refs.. Canaries). 

 Pteroplatea maclura (in part) Tracy, 36th Rep. R. L Comm. inl. Fish., 1906: 48 (Newport, Rhode Island by 

 ref. to Lesueur, 1817, but refs. for lower Narragansett Bay and for Connecticut by ref. to Linsley 1844, 

 probably were Dasyatis centroura\ see discussion, p. 416); Kendall, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. nat. Hist., 

 7 (8), 1908: 14 (Newport, Rhode Island, by ref. to Lesueur 1817, but not refs. for Connecticut; see 

 Tracy 1906); Tracy, 40th Rep. R. I. Comm. inl. Fish., 1910: 63 (Newport, Rhode Island, and Woods 

 Hole, but not ref. for Connecticut; see Tracy, 1906). 

 Pteroplatea maclura Devincenzi, Rev. chil. Hist, nat., 29, 1925: 170 (listed, Rio de la Plata); An. Mus. Hist. 

 nat. Montevideo, (2) 2, 1926: 202 (descr., ident. by spiracle and tail spines, Montevideo); Devincenzi 

 and Barattini, An. Mus. Hist. nat. Montevideo, (2) 2, Suppl., Album Ictiol., 1926: pi. 4, fig. 3 (ill. 

 probably of specimen descr. by Devincenzi 1926); Pozzi and Bordale, An. Soc. cient. argent., 120, 1935: 

 154 (listed, Lat. 3 5°S, probably by ref to Devincenzi 1925, 1926). 

 Gymnura altavela Rey, Fauna Iberica, Peces, J, 1928: 636 (descr., ill., Spain and Portugal). 



Probable References: 



Pteroplatea vaillanti Rochebrune, BuU. Soc. philom. Paris, (7) 4, 1880: 159; Act. Soc. linn. Bordeaux, (4) 



6, 1882: 54, pi. 2; also, Faune Senegambie, Poiss., 1883-188 5: 31, pi. 2 (descr., ill. teeth, color, size, 



Senegambia; see discussion, p. 399); Engelhardt, Abh. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Suppl. ^ (3), 1913: 103 



(range). 

 Pteroplatea micrura (in part) Fowler, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 56, 1918: 16 (listed. Smiths Island, 



Virginia, altavela probably included because largest 1,320 mm wide). 



