378 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



R.); Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., g2, 1940: i (Florida); Breder and Krumholz, Zoologica 

 N. Y., 26, 1941 : 49 (nos., size of embryos, Florida)'^^; Hildebrand, Copeia, 1941 : 222 (listed, N. Caro- 

 lina); Fowler, Fish Culturist, 21, 1942: 66 (listed, Cuba); Gunter, Amer. Midi. Nat., 28, 1942: 312 

 (in fresh water); Fowler, Monogr. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 7, 1945 : 161, 265 (listed, S. Carolina, Florida); 

 Gunter, Publ. Inst. mar. Sci. Texas, I, 1945: 22, 126, 127 (nos., season, temp., sal., size, Texas bays, 

 and Gulf of Mexico); Boeseman, Zool. Meded., JO (2), 1948: 33 (cf D. guttata). 



Dasyatis {Dasyatis) sabina Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1896: 84 (descr., color, Florida, 

 including Lake Monroe); Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1895), 1896: 224 (listed, Florida, including Lake 

 Monroe). 



Dasybatis sabina Gill, Smithson. misc. Coll., 52, 1908: 159, figs. 47, 48 (ills., after Jordan and Evermann, 

 1900). 



Dasybatus {^Amphotistius) sabinus Garman, Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., j6, 191 3: 396 (descr., size, color, 

 range). 



Dasybatus sabinus Radcliffe, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., J./, 1916: 276 (descr., teeth, color, meas., nos., Beaufort, 

 N.Carolina); Meek and Hildebrand, Field Mus. Publ. Zool., l^ (i), 1923: 77 (descr., color, Florida). 



Amphotistius sabinus Jordan, Evermann and Clark, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1928), 2, 1930: 29 (refs., range); 

 Chandler, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., 83, 1935: 125 (listed, Galveston Bay, Texas). 



Dasyatis {Amphotistius') sabinus Breder and Krumholz, Zoologica N. Y., 26, 1941 : 49 (nos., size of embryos, 

 Florida). 



Doubtful References: 



Trygon sabina Miiller and Henle, Plagiost., 1841 : 163 (descr., color, meas., Brazil and Surinam [Dutch Guiana] 

 specimens; doubtful whether descr. of Z). /^zi^iwa Lesueur 1824 or D. guttata Bloch and Schneider 1801). 



Trygon species dubia — Chuco, Poey, Repert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, 2, 1868: 457 (Cuba). 



Trygon (no specific name), — num. 543, Poey, Enumerat. Pise. Cubens., 1875-1876: 206; An. Soc. esp. 

 Hist, nat., 5, 1876: 206 {sabina suggested, Cuba). 



Dasyatis sabina Gudger, J. Elisha Mitchell sci. Soc, 28, 1913: 161 (listed, Newport, Rhode Island, N. Caro- 

 lina, but ident. doubtful because of large size). 



Probably not Amphotistius sabina Gowanloch, Bull. La. Conserv. Dep., 23, 1933: 86 (photo, not this species 

 because of large size and shape of disc). 



Dasyatis say (Lesueur) 1 8 1 7 

 Figures 90, 91, 92 



Study Material. Thirty-one specimens, including embryos 78—155 mm wide and 

 free-living specimens 147— 780 mm wide, from Rio de Janeiro; off" Grand Isle, Lou- 

 isiana; Apalachicola, St. Vincent Island, and Pensacola, Florida; Fort Macon and 

 Beaufort, North Carolina; Chesapeake Bay; Atlantic City and Beesleys Point, New 

 Jersey; in Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology and U. S. National Museum. 



Distinctive Characters. The presence of a well developed fold on the upper surface 

 as well as the lower surface of the tail, easily seen even on small specimens, is enough 

 to separate this species from all other salt-water Sting Rays of the western Atlantic, 

 except for occasional specimens of D. sabina that have the folds larger than is usual for 

 that species. 12^ And there is no danger of confusing D. say with the latter, so widely 

 do the discs of the two species differ in shape (cf. Fig. 90 with 8 8). Specimens of D. 

 say that have lost their tails are easily separated from D. guttata by the shape of the 

 anterior margins of the disc (cf. Fig. 90 with 86); half-grown and larger specimens are 



125. Spelled sabinus. 126. The width of the fold varies widely in sabina, as described on p. 372. 



