150 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



12 b. Disc between nuchal region and level of axils of pectorals 

 with more or fewer large thorns in addition to alar spines 

 of mature males. 



1 6 a. Distance from origin of first dorsal to axils of pel- 

 vies at least as long as distance from axils of pelvics 

 to fronts of orbits, or longer. 

 17 a. Lower surface of disc and tail uniform brown, 

 darker than upper surface. 

 Raja hathyphila Holt and Byrne 1908, p. 159. 

 17 b. Lower surface of disc and of tail paler than 

 upper surface, either uniformly whitish, gray, 

 or fawn-colored, or with dusky markings. 

 I 8 a. First and second dorsals confluent. 



Raja fyllae Liitken i 887; half-grown 



and adults, p. 194. 



1 8 b. First and second dorsals separated by 



a short but definite interspace. 



19 a. Upper surface of disc densely 



though irregularly strewn with 



small dark freckles. 



Raja lentiginosa Bigelow and 

 Schroeder 1951, p. 228. 

 19 b. Upper surface of disc with dark 

 freckles mostly concentrated in a 

 few conspicuous rosettes. 

 Raja garmani^\i\\\^'S[ 1939, p. 200. 

 1 6 b. Distance from origin of first dorsal to axils of pelvics 

 hardly longer than distance from axils of pelvics to 

 rear margins of orbits, and in most cases consider- 

 ably shorter. *- 



20a. Only one row of large thorns along tail; if 

 more than one, those of median row much 

 larger and more conspicuous than the others. 

 2 1 a. Not more than 1 9 large thorns along 

 midline of back and tail between nuchal 

 region and first dorsal fin. 

 Raja radiata Donovan 1807, p. 255. 

 2 lb. At least 24 large thorns along midline 

 of back and tail between nuchal region 

 and first dorsal fin. 



62. On some very young specimens of Raja erinacea the distance from the axils of the pelvics to the origin of the first 

 dorsal fin is a little longer than the distance from the axils of the pelvics to the rear margins of the orbits (Fig. 37). 



