560 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



than on males. "^ Vertebral column without calcified rings surrounding notochord. 

 Cranial orbits level with brain cavity, each separated from the latter by a membranous 

 partition; cerebral hemispheres much nearer to optic lobes than to olfactory bulbs. ^^^ 

 Genera. Only one modern genus is known, Callorhinchus Lacepede 1798. 



Genus Callorhinchus Lacepede 1798*^^ 

 Elephant Fish 



Callorhinchus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4° edit., in Buffon, Hist. Nat., j, 1798: 400, footnote; emended spelling 

 for Callorynchus Gronovius (Mus. Ichthyol., I, 1754: 59, no. 130, pi. 4, figs, i, 2); by ref to Gro- 

 novius; type species, Chimaera callorynchus Linnaeus (Syst. Nat., j, 1758: 236). Type locality "in mare 

 Aethiopico." 



Generic Synonyms: 



Callorynchus Gronovius, Mus. Ichthyol., I, 1754: 59, no. 130, pi. 4, figs. I, 2; excellent descr. and ill., but 



no species named; Mus. Ichthyol., 2, 1756: 52; not available because pre-Linnaean. 

 Callorynchus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 1756: 42; by ref. to Gronovius; not available because prior to tenth edition 



of Systema Naturae (1758). 

 Callorynchus Gronovius, Zoophyl., I, 1763: 31; for Callorynchus pinna dorsi secunda triqueta . . . .; not 



available because non-binomial. 

 La Chimere antarctique, Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4° edit., in Buffon, Hist. Nat., I, 1798: 400; equals Chi- 

 maera callorynchus Linnaeus 1758. 

 Callorhincus Dumeril, Zool. Analyt., 1806: 104; emended spelling for Callorynchus Gronovius 1754, 1763, 



by ref. to Gronovius. 

 Callorhynchus Cuvier, Regne Anim., 2, 1829: 382; type species, Chimaera callorynchus Linnaeus 1758; also 



many subsequent authors. 

 Callorhyncus Fleming, Phil. Zool., 2, 1822: 380; type and only included species, C. antarcticus Fleming, equals 



Chimaera callorynchus Linnaeus 1758. 

 Callorinchus Griffith and Smith, in Cuvier, .A.nim. Kingd., 10, 1834: 97 footnote; no species named; probably 



emended spelling for Callorynchus Gronovius 1754, 1763 and Cuvier 1829. 

 Callirhynchus Agassiz, Nomencl. Zool. Index, 1846: 60; emended spelling for Callorynchus Gronovius 1754, 



by ref to Gronovius. 

 Not Callorynchus Gronovius, Acta Helvet., 7, 1772: 49; probably equals Chimaera Linnaeus 1758; see p. 524, 



footnote 41. 



Generic Characters. Separate anal fin much higher than long, close to lower origin 

 of caudal, its apex rounded. Dorsal spine free along its outer V3-V2) its free posterior 



119. They are represented by short slits on a female C. callorynchus from Chile that we have seen. 



120. For illustrations of the brain, see especially Garman (Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., 41, 1904: pi. 15, figs. 4, 5). 



121. The generic name of the Elephant Fishes has usually been spelled Callorhynchus by reference to Gronovius, 1754 

 (Mus. Ichthyol., i, 1754: 59, no. 130, pi. 4, figs, i, 2) and to Gronovius, 1763 (Zoophyl., J, 1763: 31). But the 

 earlier of these two accounts by him (one of the best that has appeared and with one of the most accurate illustrations) 

 was pre-Linnaean, while the later one was not binomial and hence has been ruled unavailable by the International 

 Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Opin. 89, Smithson. misc. Coll., 7J [3], 1925: 27, reversing Opin. 20). 

 The earliest strictly binomial application of Callorynchus, again by Gronovius in a paper that seems to have been 

 overlooked (Acta Helvet., 7, 1772: 49), referred not to an Elephant Fish but to one of the Chimaeridae, probably 

 to a Chimaera. Hence, strictly speaking, Callorynchus Gronovius 1772 must be relegated to the probable synonymy 

 of Chimaera Linnaeus 1758. But the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature do permit the use of Cal- 

 lorhinchus Lacepede 179S (Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4° edit., in Buffon, Hist. Nat., /, 1798: 400, footnote) for the Elephant 

 Fish; this, by direct reference, was an altered spelling for Callorynchus Gronovius 1754. We may point out that 

 a change in the generic name of the Elephant Fishes could only result in endless confusion, for they have passed 

 as Callorhynchus in all of the more important works on the Holocephali that have appeared during the 19th and 

 20th centuries as well as in numerous more general texts on the zoology of vertebrates. 



