Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 263 



dor, West Greenland, Hudson Bay, Grand Banks region, and Gulf of St. Lawrence 

 to South Carolina. 



Occurrence in the Western North Atlantic. R. radiata is common in depths of 30- 

 330 fathoms all along the west coast of Greenland from Disko Bay (about Lat. 69°26'N) 

 to the vicinity of Cape Farewell, both offshore and in the fjords; many have also been 

 taken on Fylla Bank and in the central part of Davis Strait. "^ Knowledge of it off the 

 coasts of subarctic America is confined to one report for the southeastern part of Hud- 

 son Bay,"* a second from Lake Melville, Labrador"* and another from off the outer 

 coast of Labrador in the offing of Hamilton Inlet. "^ However, it is common on the 

 fishing grounds all around the marginal belt of the Grand Banks area as a whole (south- 

 ward from the latitude of Conception Bay) and at the mouths of the larger bays (Pla- 

 centia, St. Mary) on the southern coast of Newfoundland. It is widespread throughout 

 the southern side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence as far inward as the estuary of the St. Law- 

 rence River, and doubtless it is present along the eastern (Newfoundland) side of the 

 Gulf as well, to judge from its reported occurrence in the southern side of the Strait of 

 Belle Isle. It occurs also along the outer Nova Scotian shelf and fishing banks, through- 

 out the Gulf of Maine, and over Georges Bank. However, most of the positive records 

 for it westward from about the longitude of Cape Cod (70° W) have been from a nar- 

 row belt that extends along the upper part of the continental slope between the 1 50 

 and 300 fathom contours, about as far south as the so-called Hudson Trough (about 

 Long. 72° W) that cuts across the shelf off New York. But we have seen one specimen 

 taken 25 miles off the eastern end of Long Island, New York at a depth of only 32 

 fathoms; and we have another that was caught off Charleston, South Carolina, in 74 

 fathoms."* 



Synonyms and References: 



Raja^^'' radiata Donovan, Nat. Hist. Brit. Fish., 5, 1807: pi. 1 14 (ill., Gt. Britain); Gill, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. 

 Philad., Addend., 1861: 61 (listed, Atlant. Coast N. Amer.); Garman, Proc. Boston Soc. nat. Hist. 

 I'], 1874: 178 (descr., cf. other species, Mass.); Goode and Bean, Bull. Essex Inst., 11, 1879: 28 (Mass.); 

 Jones, List Fish. Nova Scotia, 1879: 11 (listed, Nova Scotia); Bean, Proc. U. S. nat. Mus., J, 1880: 

 1 1 5 (Nova Scotia and Mass. locals.); Verrill, Amer. J. Sci., (3) 22, 1881 : 297 (small nos. 160-241 fath. 

 off Gay Head); Jones, Proc. N. S. Inst. Sci., 5 (i), 1883: 97 (same as Jones, 1879); Jordan and Gilbert, 

 BuD. U. S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883: 41 (descr.); Bean, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1882), 1884: 343 (listed. 

 Woods Hole); Jordan, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 1887: 799 (listed, north. U. S., Europe); Goode 

 and Bean, Smithson. Contr. Knowl., JO, JJ, 1895; also, Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. ZooL, 22, 1896: 

 25, pi. 9, fig. 27 (ill., depth off New England Coast); Cox, Bull. nat. Hist. Soc. N. Brunsw., 13, 1896: 

 75 (Bay of Fundy); Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1896: 69 (descr., N. Atlant., 

 Amer., Europe); Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1895), 1896: 221 (listed, N. Atlant., Amer., Europe); Gar- 



132. For a general survey of its occurrence in West Greenland waters, see Jensen (Spol. Zool. Mus. Hauniensis, 9, 1948 : 

 28). 



133. Vladykov, Contr. Canad. Biol., N. S. S, 1933: 17- 



134. Reported by David C. Nutt and identified by us from a photograph. Caught by the Blue Dolphin in 20 fathoms, 

 with otter trawl, July 25, 1950. Length about 275 mm. For additional Labrador records, just pubhshed, see 

 Backus (Copeia, 1951: 289). 



135. Rep. Newfoundland Fish. Res. Comm., 2 (i), 1933: 125; Lat. 54° 15' N, Long. 55°05' W. 



136. Taken by the Albatross III February i, 1950 in Lat. 33°io' N, Long. 77°25' W (Harv. Mus. Comp. Zool., No. 

 37061). 



137. Also spelled Kaia. 



