Fishes of the Western North Atlantic 369 



have come from the same mother, since they were catalogued together and are all of 

 about the same size. 



Habits. Nothing whatever is known of the habits or diet of D. guttata; probably 

 its way of life is essentially the same as that of other Sting Rays. 



Range. Inshore waters in tropical-subtropical latitudes of the western Atlantic, 

 from southern Brazil to the West Indies and southern part of the Gulf of Mexico. 



Details of Occurrence. Localities from south to north where the presence of this 

 particular Ray has been positively established are: Santos, Rio de Janeiro, Cannaviera, 

 Bahia, and the region of the mouth of the Amazon, in Brazil; Cayenne in French Guiana; 

 Surinam (Dutch Guiana); Venezuela; Colon, Panama; Grenada; and the north shore 

 of Cuba at Havana. It has been stated that its range extends to "Florida,""* but we 

 find no warrant for this in any capture actually recorded. Judging from the geographic 

 distribution of these localities, D. guttata is to be expected anywhere in suitable local- 

 ities from the region of Rio de Janeiro to the Caribbean and southern Gulf of Mexico. 

 It has been described as common near Rio de Janeiro, but nothing is known of its 

 numbers elsewhere. 



Synonyms and References: 



Raja tuberculata Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 4° Ed., in Buffon, Hist. Nat., 2 [An. VIII], 1 799-1 800: 104, 



106, pi. 4, fig. I (descr., ill. of young, Cayenne, French Guiana); Shaw, Gen. Zool., 5, 1804: 290, 



pi. 137, upper fig. (ident. by descr. and ref. to Lacepede, 1799-1800, S. Amer.). 

 Raja guttata Bloch and Schneider, Syst. IchthyoL, 1801: 361 (diagn., size, S. Amer.).!"' 

 Trygon gymnura Miiller, Erman's Reise, 1835: 25, pi. 13 (ill., Rio de Janeiro) ; Miiller, Faunus, Z. Zool., Vergl. 



Anat., herausg. Gistel, N. S. j, 1837: 40 (descr. by ref. to Miiller, 1835, Rio de Janeiro, ident. suggested 



with Raja tuberculata Lacepede 1799— 1800). 

 Trygon jabehara Miiller and Henle, Plagiost., 1841: 160 (descr., Brazil). 

 Trygon sabina (in part) Miiller and Henle, Plagiost., 1841: 163 (Raie tuberculee Lacepede 1799-1800 and 



Tr-^gon gymnura Miiller 1835 included in synonymy). 

 Trygon (Trygon) tuberculatus Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., T, 1865: 605 (descr., Brazil). 

 Trygon tuberculata (in part) Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1870: 480 (descr., Brazil, but Trygon sabina 



Lesueur 1824 included in synonymy). 

 Dasyatis tuberculatus Jordan and Gilbert, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883: 48 (descr., listed, Florida to Brazil). 

 Dasibatis tuberculata Garman, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 16, 1883: 66 (descr., color, Cannavierias, Para, Bahia, 



Rio de Janeiro, Surinam [Dutch Guiana]). 

 Trygon tuberculata Jordan, Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1885), 1887: 800 (listed, W. Indies); Goeldi, Bol. Mus. 



Paraense, 2, i8g8: 455, 488 (listed, lower Amazon). 

 Dasybatus tuberculatus Garman, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., ly, 1888: 99, pi. 41, 42 (mucous canals). 

 Dasyatis {Dasybatus) gymnura Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 47 (i), 1896: 84 (descr., Surinam 



[Dutch Guiana] to Brazil; Grenada by ref. to Gunther, 1870); Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish. (1895), 1896: 



224 (listed, Surinam [Dutch Guiana] to Brazil). 

 Dasyatis gymnura Ribeiro, Arch. Mus. nac. Rio de J., 14, 1907: 188, 209 (descr., size, nos., refs., Rio de Ja- 

 neiro); Starks, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., 191 3: 6 (listed. Para, Brazil); Fowler, Proc. Acad. 



nat. Sci. Philad., 6j, 191 5: 543 (listed, Grenada); Ribeiro, Rev. Mus. paul., 10, 1918: 708 (listed, 



Santos, Brazil); Fauna brasil., Peixes, 2 (i) Ease, i, 1923: 43 (same as Ribeiro, 1907). 

 Trygon guttata Engelhardt, ."Vbh. bayer. Akad. Wiss., Suppl. 4 (3), 191 3: 103 (range). 



106. Jordan and Gilbert, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus., 16, 1SS3: 48. 



107. Although the diagnosis of R. guttata by Bloch and Schneider is brief, their characterization of its head as "cordi- 

 formi" and of its tail as "pinnata," with their statement that it grows to a breadth of 5-6 feet and that its tail is 

 twice as long as its body, seems sufficient for its identification. 



