352 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Copeia, 1933: 186 (Tortugas, Florida); Bere, Amer. Midi. Nat., 77, 1936: 607 (copepod parasites, 

 Lemon Bay, W. Florida); Gudger, Aust. Mus. Mag., 6, 1937: 208 (size, strength, Tortugas, Florida); 

 Hildebrand, Copeia, 1941 : 222 (listed, N. Carolina); Fowler, Monogr. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 6, 1944: 

 456 (listed, Jamaica); Monogr. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 7, 1945: 99, 161, 264 (weights, nos. embryos, 

 N. Carolina, S. Carolina, Florida). 



Dasybatus hastatus Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 58, 1906: 81 (descr., size, habits, Marquesas Key, 

 S.Florida); Rep. N. J. Mus. (1905), 1906: 77 (descr.); Rep. N. J. Mus. (1906), 1907: 261, pi. 79 

 (ill., but tailfold not shown); RadclifFe, Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc, ^, 1914: 38 (listed, Beaufort, N. Caro- 

 lina); Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 34, 1916: 273, pi. 46 (descr., teeth, dermal armature, size, stom. contents, 

 nos., female with embryos, photos, near Beaufort, N.Carolina); Meek and Hildebrand, Field Mus. 

 Publ. Zool., 15 (i), 1923: 80 (descr.). 



Dasyalis centroura Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 61, 1909: 407-408 (Delaware Bay, subsequently 

 refd. by Fowler [Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., jj, 1920: 146] to hastata, equals amerkana). 



Dasyatis say (in part) Fowler, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 92, igio: 473 (Delaware Bay specimens, sub- 

 sequently refd. by Fowler [Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., JJ, 1920: 146] to hastata, equals amerkana'). 



Dasybatus {Dasybatus) hastatus Garman, Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., 36, 191 3: 391 (descr., but refs. 

 only in part). 



Dasyatis americana Hildebrand and Schroeder, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 42 (0» 1928: 64, fig. 35 (new name 

 for Dasibatus hastatus Garman 1883; color, meas., photo of female and embryos from RadclifFe, 1916, 

 Chesapeake Bay); Breder, Field Bk. Mar. Fish. Atlant. Coast, 1929: 35 (ill.); Nichols, Sci. Surv. Puerto 

 Rico, N. York Acad. Sci., 10 (2), 1929: 186 (diagn., ill., tailfold not shown, Puerto Rico); Chamberlain, 

 Copeia, 1934: 42 (mutilated by fishermen, S. Carolina); Beebe and Hollister, Zoologica N. Y., ig, 1935: 

 209 (size, color. Union I., Grenadines, W. Indies); Gunter, Publ. Inst. mar. Sci. Texas, j, 1945: 22 

 (color, size, temp., sal., Texas). 



Probable Synonyms: 



Trygon fastinaca (in part) Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1870: 478 (N.America, "W. Indies," Barbadoes, 



New Orleans, Brit. Guiana, Bahia specimens®^) ; Hargreaves, Fish. Brit. Guiana, 1904: 15 (Brit. Guiana). 

 Dasyatis scabrata Fowler, Fish Culturist, 27, 1942: 66 (descr., size, Cuba, tail as in D. americana with "keel 



above and winglike expansion below," but "front profile of disc nearly straight"; Matanzas and Havana, 



Cuba).6* 



Doubtful Synonym: 



Trygon hastata Bean, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 7, 1888: 151 (listed, Ocean City, Maryland; no clue to ident.). 



Not Raja fastinaca Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., r, 1758: 232 (E. Atlant.). 



Not Fastinaca hastata DeKay, Zool. N.Y., 4, 1842: 373, pi. 65, fig. 214; Baird, Rep. Smithson. Instn. (1854), 



1855= 337 [follows p. 352]; Storer, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., N. S. 9, 1867: 244, pi. 39, fig. 3; 



also. Fishes Mass., 1867: 269, pi. 39, fig- 3 (equals Dasyatis centroura [Mitchill] 181 5; see p. 361). 

 Not Trygon hastata Storer, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., N. S. 2, 1846: 513; Gill. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 



Addend., 1861 : 62; Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 8, 1870: 476 (equals Dasyatis centroura [Mitchill] 



181 5; see p. 361). 

 Not Trygon {Himantura) hastatus Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 1865: 592 (descr. after DeKay, 1842, equals 



D. centroura [Mitchill] I 81 5). 

 Not Dasyatis hastata Sumner, Osburn and Cole, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., JJ (2), 1913 : 739; Bigelow and Welsh, 



Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 40 (i), 1925: 70 (equals Dasyatis centroura [Mitchill] 1815; see p. 362). 



Dasyatis centroura (Mitchill) 18 15 



Figures 79 A, 83, 84 



Study Material. Eleven specimens, male and female, 400—1,415 mm wide, from 

 Buzzards Bay and Nantucket, Massachusetts and the offing of Cape Hatteras, North 



63. These American specimens seem likely to have been americana, because described as with margins of snout forming 

 an obtuse angle and tail with a distinct fold below and slight ridge above. 



64. Dr. Fowler has pointed out to us its probable identity with D. americana Hildebrand and Schroeder 1928. 



