2 00 Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research 



Synonyms and References: 



Raja circularis Collett, Nyt Mag. Naturv., 29, 1885: iig (listed fishing banks off Jaederen, W. Norway, also 

 Skagerrak off Arendal, S. Norway, 200 and 370 fath.); Rep. Norweg. Fish. Invest., 2 Pt. 2 (3), 1905: 

 5 (meas., Finmark, also Arendal, S. Norway). 



Raja fyllae^^ Liitken, Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren. Kbh., 1887: i, pi. i (descr., meas., cf. other species, 

 ill., Davis Str., 80 fath.); Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren. Kbh., 1891: 32 (descr., meas., Davis Str., 

 235 and 289 fath., Denmark Str., 426 fath.); Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. nat. Mus., 4y (i), 

 1896: 69 (descr. after Liitken, Davis Str.); Liitken, Danish Ingolf Exped., 2 (i), i8g8: 4, pi. 2 (descr., 

 ill., depth, temp., Denmark Str. and W. Greenland); Garman, Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. ZooL, 24, 

 1899: 380 (depth, range); Knipowitsch, .Annu. Mus. zool. Acad. St. Petersb., 5, 1900: 245 (listed, 

 Murman Coast); Lonnberg, Swed. Polar Exped., Fishes, in Rev. int. Peche, Spb., 2 (4), 1900: 11 (listed, 

 Spitzbergen; not seen); Knipowitsch, Annu. Mus. zool. Acad. St. Petersb., 6, 1901: 82 (depth, temp., 

 Spitzbergen and Murman Sea); Ehrenbaum, in Romer and Schaudin, Fauna Arctica, 2 (i), 1902: 142 

 (depths, Davis Str., Murman Sea, N. of Bear L, Spitzbergen); Knipowitsch, Exped. Wiss. Prakt. Unters. 

 Murman Kiiste, I, 1902: 592 (depths, Murman Coast; in Russian, with German abstr.); Collett, Arch. 

 Math. Naturv., 25 (2), 1903: 3 (refs., hist., descr., depth, range, oif N. Norway); Knipowitsch, Annu. 

 Mus. zool. Acad. St. Petersb., 8 (2), 1903: 155 (listed, W. Spitzbergen); Collett, Forh. Vidensk-Selsk. 

 Krist., 7, 1905: 114 {R. circularis Collett 1885, 1905 and R. falsavela Smitt 1895 considered ident. 

 with R. fyllae, range, depth, temp.); Ehrenbaum, Wiss. Meeresuntersuch., Abt. Helgoland, N. S. 7, 

 1905: 65 (size, thorn pattern, depth, NW. of Bear L, 400 m); Jensen, Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren. 

 Kbh., 1905: 227 (depth, SW. from Faroes; see also under R. fyllae var. lipacant/ia); in Schiodte and 

 Hansen, Zool. Danica, 2, Fisk., 12, 1907: 329, pi. 32, fig. i (descr., ill., range); Berg, Faune Russie, 

 Poiss., I, 191 1 : 104 (refs., descr., meas., Barents Sea and Spitzbergen; in Russian); Murray and Hjort, 

 Depths of Ocean, 1912: 433 (depths, S. of Faroes and W. from Gibraltar); Engelhardt, Abh. bayer. 

 Akad. Wiss., Suppl. 4 (3), 1913: 102 (range); Garman, Mem. Harv. Mus. comp. Zool., j6, 1913: 

 322 (descr.); Jensen, Mindeskr. Steenstrup Fods. Kbh., 2 (30), 1914: 27, 38 (refs., depths, temp., 

 W. Greenland, chart of distrib.); Hofsten, K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl., 54 (10), 1919: 83 (locals., 

 depths, temp.); Clark, J. Mar. biol. Ass. U. K., 12 (4), 1922: 624 (descr., meas., color, stom. contents, 

 depth, NW. of Scotland); Nordgaard, Tromso Mus. Skr., I (4), 1925: 9 (photo egg case, Folden Fjord, 

 Norway); Clark, Rep. Fish. Bd. Scot. (1926), i, 1926: 41, pi. 22, pi. 23, fig. 2 (descr., size, discuss., 

 range, photos, juv. and adult); Koeford, Rep. Sars N. Atlantic Deep Sea Exped., 1910, 4, 1927: 27 

 (depths, temps., W. of Ireland and W. of Gibraltar); Clark, Fauna Ichthyol. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 

 1931 : pi. not numbered (descr., size, range, depth, ills., egg case, juv., adult); Jensen, Spol. Zool. Mus. 

 Hauniensis, 9, 1948: 43 (meas., egg capsules, distr., Greenland). 



Raja falsavela Smitt, Hist. Scand. Fish., 2, 1895: 1112, fig. 319 (ill., juv., off Arendal, Norway, 370 fath., 

 but not descr. or refs.). 



Raja fyllae var. lifacantha Jensen, Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren. Kbh., 1905: 233 (descr., color, size, depth, 

 Skagerrak); Berg, Faune Russie, Poiss., j, 1911: 108, footnote (Russian); Clark, Rep. Fish. Bd. Scot. 

 (1926), I, 1926: 42, pi. 23, fig. b, pi. 24 (descr., color, range, depth, photos, discuss.); Faune Ichthyol. 

 Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 193 1: pi. not numbered (descr., range, photos, Skagerrak). 



Doubtful Synonym: 



Raja circularis Giinther, Challenger Rep., 22, 1887: 8 (Faroe Channel, ident. doubtful because dark below). 

 Not Raia circularis Couch, Cornish Fauna, 1838: 53. 



Not Raja falsavela Bonaparte, Icon. Faun. Ital., 1841: pi. not numbered; equals R. circularis Couch 1838; 

 see Clark (Rep. Fish. Bd. Scot. [1926], i, 1926: 34). 



Raja garmani Whitley 1939 



Resetted Skate, Leopard Skate 



Figures 41, 42 



Study material. One hundred and twenty specimens, male and female, 85 to 

 432 mm long, from various localities between the offings of southern New England 



13. Also spelled Kaia. 



