8 M. YOKOYA.MA. 



of very large size. The last four are scantily represented both as 

 regards species and individuals, thus showing that the system is in 

 great measure of freshwater or brackish origin. But that it is not 

 wholly so is shown by the occurrence of the Ammonites discovered 

 by Mr. Ivochibe in a dark clayey shale of Shimoyama in Echi- 

 zen. These animal remains are tolerably plentiful in species, and 

 therefore require a separate treatment. It may be here stated that 

 the shell-layer always occurs below the plant-bed as observed at 

 Ushimaru. 



The plant remains are considerably more numerous than those 

 of the mollusca, offering at least a decidedly greater number of spe- 

 cies than the latter. They were obtained in several places, which 

 will now be described along with their geological features. 



(1.) Shimamura (Prow Kaga), situated on the upper part of 

 the Tetorigawa (the Hakusangawa), about 15 ri (59 kilom.) up the 

 river and 5 ri (20 kilom.) N.W. of Gozen, and 413 m. above the sea- 

 level. Here the fossils occur in yellowish-grey sandstone, sometimes 

 argillaceous and dark-coloured, sometimes reddish and then highly 

 micaceous. They are generally very well preserved. Together with 

 these plants I obtained a single specimen of a Bivalve, which however 

 is too imperfect for correct determination. It may be referable to one 

 of the Unionidae. 



(2.) Yanagidanl (Prov. Kaga), situated up the Hakusangawa. 

 from Shimamura. Fossils occur in loose pebbles in the river- val ley. 

 Mr. Kochibe observed occasionally pebbles containing shells and plants 

 between Ushikubi (about 1 ri above Shimamura and 489 ni. above 

 the sea) and Ichinose (about 3 ri above Ushikubi and 814 m. above 

 the sea). The plants are found in grey shaly sandstone. They may 

 be considered only as a portion of the Shimamura flora as the fossils 

 themselves show. 



