178 EMBRYOLOGY IN THE SEVENTEENTH [pt. ii 



(b) By the uterine milk or succum lacteo-chylosum. 



Mercklin, 1679. 

 Drelincurtius, 1685. 

 Bohnius, 1686. 

 Zacchias, 1688. 

 Tauvry, 1694. 

 Franc, 1722. 

 Dionis, 1724. 



III. That the embryo was nourished through the umbiHcal cord 

 only. 



{a) By foetal blood (the circulations distinct). 



Arantius, 1595. 



Harvey, 1651. 



W. Needham, 1667. 



F. Hoffmann, 1681. (He proved the point by injection 

 long before Hunter, who is stated by Cole to have been 

 the first to demonstrate this.) 



Ruysch, 1 70 1. 



Snelle, 1705. 



Falconnet, 171 1. 



It is to be noted that Bierling, P. Stalpartius, Berger, 

 Barthold, and Charleton, who supported the discon- 

 tinuity theory of the circulations, were all upholders 

 of the theory of foetal nourishment per os, so that their 

 reasons for doing so were not those on account of 

 which we agree with Hoffmann and Needham at the 

 present time. 



{b) By maternal blood (the circulations continuous). 



Laurentius, 1600. 



de Marchette, 1656. 



Rallius, 1669. 



Muraltus, 1672. 



Blasius, 1677. 



Veslingius, 1677. 



Hamel, 1700. 



de Craan, 1703. 



Lang, 1704. 



van Home, 1707. 



Freind, 171 1. (Freind's Emmenologia deserves a special 

 mention. He proved by a calculation that the amount 

 of blood passing through the umbilical cord would be 

 sufficient for the needs of the embryo. This is a parallel 

 to Harvey's famous calculation about the circulation 

 of the blood. He also quotes some experiments of 



