184 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Protonotaria citrea, I'.aiud. 



PEOTHONOTARY WARBLER ; GOLDEN SWAMP WARBLER. 



MofaciUd cilrm, BoDD. Tabl. 1783 (I'l. nxX. 7ii4, lig. 2). Protoiwtarid cilrca, lUlRD, Birds 

 N. Am. 1858, 239; Rev. 1 73. — ScLATEli, fatal. 1861, 26, no. 166. — Gundl. Cab. 

 Jour. 1861, 324 (Cuba ; very rare). Hclmitithophaga citrea, Cab. Jour. 1861, 85 (Costa 

 Rica). Uotacilla jyrolonotarius, Gm. Sylvia prot. Lath. — ViEiLL.'Ois. Am. Sept. 

 II, pi. Ixx.xiii. — Wilson, Am. Orn. Ill, pi. xxiv. tig. 2. — AuD. Orn. Biog. II, pi. 

 iii. Vermivora prol. BoN. Kelinaia jirot. AuD. Hclmitherus prot. BoN. Comp- 

 solhli/pis prot. Cab. .lour. Motacilla auricoUis, Gmei,. I, 1788, 984. Sylvia am: 

 Lath., etc. (based on ic Grand Figuier du Canada,, BliissoN, Ois. Ill, 1760, 508, j)]. 

 x.xvi, fig. 1). Female. Sylvicola aur. NuTT. Man. I, 1840, 431. 



Sp. Char. Bill very large ; as long as the head. Head and neck all round, with the 

 entire under parts, including the tibi;e, rich yellow, excepting the anal region and under 

 tail-coverts, which are white. Back dark olive-green, with a tinge of yellow ; rump, 

 upper tail-coverts, wings, and tail above, bluish ash-color. Inner margin of quills and the 

 tail-feathers (except the innermost) white; the outer webs and tips like the back. Length, 

 5.40; wing, 2.90; tail, 2.25. 



IIab. Eastern Province of United States (Southern region) ; Cuba, Costa Rica, and 

 Panama R. R. Not recorded from Mexico or Guatemala. Accidental in New Brunswick 

 (Gr. A. BoARD.MAN in letter). Yucatan (Lawrence). 



Thi.s is one of the very handsomest of American Warblers, the yellow of the 

 head and lower parts Ijeing of a pnreness and mellowness scarcely approached 

 by any other species. In a liighly colored male from Southern Illinois (No. 

 10,111, ^li.ssissippi Bottom, Union Co., April 23 ; li. Kennicott) it is stained 

 in spots, particularly over the eyes and on the neck, with a beautiful cad- 

 mium-orange. 



IIabils. In rcuard to the habits of this beautiful and interesting Warliler 



we receive but little light from the ob- 

 servation s o f ol d er ornithological writers. 

 Its geograjjliical distribution is some- 

 what erratic and irregular. It does not 

 appear to be distributed over a very 

 wide range. It occurs as a migrant in 

 the AVest Indies and in Central Ameri- 

 ca. Ill the United States it is found 

 in the Southern region, but farther we.st 

 the range widens, and in the Mississijipi 

 Protominria ciirra Valley it is fouud as far north as Kansas, 



Southern and Central Illinois, and Alissouri. Accidental specimens have been 

 obtained as far to the northeast as Calais, though unknown to all the Eastern 

 States as far south as Southern Virginia. It was met with by none of the gov- 

 ernment parties exce[it by Dr. "Woodhouse, who found it aljiiiiilant in Texas. 

 Mr. Audubon observed tlicni, near Louisville, Kentucky, frequenting creeks 

 and lagoons overshadowed by large trees. These were their favorite places 



