396 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Species. 



Common Characters. A leno;thened crest of soft blended feathers. Colors, soft 

 silky brownish becoming more vinaceous anteriorly, and ashy posteriorly above. 

 A black strijie on side of liead, from nasal feathers across lores through the eye 

 and behind it beneath crest, and a patch of the same on chiu, with a white streak 

 between them, on side of lower jaw. 



A. Wing variegated. Lower tail-coverts rufous. Crest much developed. 

 Forehead and side of head briglit purplish-nifous. Black patch covering 

 whole throat, and sharply defined. No white line between black of lore, 

 etc., and brown of forehead. Inner webs of primaries tipped narrowly with 

 white. 



a. Terminal band of tail red. 



A. phoenicopterum.' Greater coverts tipped with red, producing 

 a band across the wing. No yellow on tips of primaries. Hab. 

 Japan and Eastein Siberia. 



b. Terminal band of tail yellow. 



A. garrulus. Secondaries and primary coverts tipped with white, 

 forming two broad short bands. Primaries with outer weljs lipped 

 with yellow. Ilob. Arctic regions of both hemispheres; in win- 

 ter south into northern United States, and along Rocky Mountains 

 as far as Fort Massachusetts, New Mexico. 



B. Wings unvariegated. Lower t;iil-eoverts while. Crest moderately de- 

 veloped. Forehead, etc., not different from crest. Chin only black, this 

 fading gradually into the brown of throat. A white line between black of 

 lore, "etc., and brown of forehead. Inner webs of primaries not tipped with 

 white. 



a. Terminal band of tail yellow. 



A. cedrorum. Wing bluish-ashy. II<ih. Whole of North Amer- 

 ica, from .52° N., south (in winter ?) to Guatemala ; Jamaica and 

 Cuba in winter. 



Ampelis garrulus, T.inx / 



NOETHEEN WAX WING ; BOHEMIAN CHATTEEEE. 



Lanius garrulus, Linx. " Fauna Suecica, 2, no. 82." — 1b. Syst. Nat. 10th eJ. 1758, 95. 

 Ampelis garrulus, lATi-s. SysX. HaX. 12th ed. 1766, 297 (Europe). — Baip.d, Birds N. 

 Am. 1858, 317; Rev. 405. — Boardman, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. IX, 1862, 126 

 (Calais, Me.). —Cooper, Pr. Cal. Acad. 11, 1861 (1863), 122 (Fort Mohave, Ar.). 

 Bambijcilla garrula. Box. Zoiil. Jour. Ill, 1827, 50. — Rich. — AuD. Orn. Biog. IV, 4G2, 

 pi. cecLxiii. — Ib. Birds \m. IV, 169, pi. ccxlvi. — Mavnard, B. E. Mass, 107. — Dall 

 & Bannister, 280 (Alaska). —Cooi-f.r, Orn. Cal. I, 1870, 127. — Samuels, Birds N. 

 Eng. 264. Bombycilla garruln, Kkvs. & Bi.As. Wirb. Europas, 1840, 167. — Deglaxd, 

 Ornith. Europ. I, 1849, 349 (European). — "Woi.i.EV, Pr. Z. S. 1857, 55 (nest and eggs). 

 — Newtox, Ibis, 1861, 92, ].l. iv (ne.stiiig). — Nordmakn, Cab. Jour. VI, 1858, 307, 

 and VII, 1859, pi. 1 (ne.sting). (European.) 



Other figures : Box. Am. Orn. Ill, pi. xvi. 



^ Bombycilla phtenicopterum, Temm. Pi. Col. II, 1838 ; \i[. 450. The A. phanncoptcrum is 

 stated by Temminck to have the nasal setae so short as to leave the nostrils exposed, and to lack 

 the sealing-wax appendages ; the latter condition may, however, result finni the iiniiuiturity of 

 the specimen, as it is very common to find the same thing in individuals of the other species. 



