494 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



I. Spring and Winter Phimage 



Sp. Char. Arlulf. Ground-cnlor of the occiput, nape, scapulars, and interscapulars, 

 brownish-wliite, each feather with medial streak of dusky-brown ; rump and upper tail- 

 coverts white, with the streaks in sharper contrast. Wings clear brownish-dusky with two- 

 conspicuous white bands, formed by tips of middle and secondary coverts ; tertials broadly, 

 and secondaries narrowly, edged with white ; tail-feathers narrowly edged with white, 

 this broader on inner webs. A narrow frontal band (tinged with brownish), an obscure 

 superciliary stripe, and the lower parts in general, w-hite ; sides streaked with dusky, and 

 lower tail-coverts each with a medial streak of the same. On the forehead and vertex a 

 somewhat quadrate patch of intense carmine. Nasal plumuli, lores, and a small, somewhat 

 quadrate, gular spot, dark silky-brown. Bill yellow, the culmen and gonys black. 



,y. Throat, jugulum, and breiust, rosaceous-carmine (extending upward over the max- 

 ilte, and backward over the sides almost to the flanks) ; rump tinged with the same. 



Var. liiiari u s (21,577, Philadelphia). Wing, 2.80 ; tail, 2.35 ; bill, .35 aud .22 ; tarsus, 

 .55 ; middle toe, .30. 



Var. h oil) oil i (39,263, Quebec). Wing, 3.00 ; tail, 2.40 ; bill, .42 and .20 ; tarsus, .GO ; 

 middle toe, .37- 



A'ar. /io/fc on?:. i* (.52,457, Kodiak). Wing, 3.00 ; tail, 2.40 ; bill, .47 and .25 ; tarsus,.55; 

 middle toe, .35. 



9. No red except on the crown, where its tint is less intense; dusky gular spot larger, 

 extending farther on to the throat. 



Var. ri'»iai-iM.s(902, "Penn.). Wing, 2.70; tail, 2.30; bill, .32 and .23; tarsus, .55; 

 middle toe, .32. 



Var. holbolli (39,362, Quebec). Wing, .3.10; tail, 2..')0; bill, .42 and .29; tarsus, .61; 

 middle toe, .39. 



Var holbolli? (52,460, Kodiak). Wing, 2.80; tail, 2.30; bill, .39 and .23; tarsus, 

 .54 ; middle toe, .32. 



II. Samrner or Breedimj Phimage. 



The pattern the same as above, but the dark tint intensified and spread so as to almost 

 entirely obliterate any lighter markings, except the streaks on the rump ; the wing-bands 

 as well as the dorsal streaks obsolete; streaks on the sides broader; frontal band dusky 

 like the occiput. Red tints slightly intensified. Bill wholly dusky. 



^. Throat, jugulum, breast, and tinge on sides and rump, rosy-carmine. 



Var. linarius (type of '' fuscescens "). Wing, 2.80 ; tail, 2.30 ; bill, .36 and .25 ; tarsus, 

 .53 ; middle toe, .33. 



Var. holbolli (type of " roslralun"). Wing, 3.00; tail, 2.35; bill, .41 and .30; tar- 

 sus, .60 ; middle toe, .40. 



Var. holbolli? (54,477, Kodiak, July). Wing, 2.90; tail, 2.20; bill, .40 and .25; 

 tarsus, .56 ; middle toe, .32. 



9 . No red except on the crown. 



Var. linarius (J type of " fuscescens "). Wing, 2.S0; tail, 2.30; Ijill, .35 and .25; 

 tarsus, .52 ; middle toe, .34. 



Young (fn-st plumage). (54,478, Kodiak, .July.) Streaks covering whole head, neck, 

 and breast ; no red (Ridgway). 



Hab. Circumpolar regions. In North America breeding in the sub-arctic regions, and 

 in winter descending into the northern United States. 



The two races of .^E. Unarms are quite differently colored in siiinnier and 

 in winter. In tlie latter .season the plumage is softer and more la.x, and the 

 markings better defined, though in autunia with a consideralile ochraceous 

 sufi'usion. lu spring the colors are purer, and tlie markings most shar])ly 



