574 NORTH AilERICAN BIRDS. 



lauds of tlie Eocky ^Muuntains, in the prairies. They were running on the 

 ground. He heard no note from them. He afterwards saw a few stragglers, 

 in the early part of winter, in the thiclvets of the forests of the Columbia 

 Eiver, near Fort Vancouver. He also met witli them, in the winter and 

 until late in the spring, in the woods and tliickets of Cahforuia. 



Ur. Heermann found tliis species very ahundaut in the fall season, gener- 

 ally associated with the California Song Sparrow and the Z. gambdi. It 

 resorts to the deep shady thickets and woods, where it passes the greater part 

 of its time. In the mountainous districts it prefers the hillsides, covered 

 with dense undergrowtli. It occasionally breeds in California, as Dr. Heer- 

 mann found its nest in a liush near Sacramento City. It was composed of 

 coarse stalks of weeds, and lined internally with fine roots. The eggs were 

 four in number, and ai-e described as having been of an ashy- white ground, 

 with markings of broN\u umber, at times appearing almost black from the 

 depth of their shade. They were marked also with a few spots of a neutral 

 tint. 



Many of these birds were obtained in Sitka and in Kodiak, by Bischoff, 

 and also in British Columbia by Elliot. 



Only one specimen of this sjiecies was met with by Mr. Ilidgway in his 

 explorations w'ith Mr. Clarence King's survey. This was taken October 7, 

 18()7, in the West Humboldt Mountains, in company with a flock of Z. 

 gambeli. 



Zonotrichia albicollis, I'.onap. 



WHITE-THEOATED SPAREOW. 



Fringilla albicollis, Gmklix, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 92(). — WiL30N, .\in. Orn. Ill, 1811, 51, 

 pi. xxii, f . 2. — LlcilT. Verz. Doiiltl. No. 247 (1823). Zmwtrichia albicollis, Bp. 

 CoiLsp. 1850, 478. —Cab. Mus. Hein. 1851, 132. — Baird, Birds N. Am. !&:,», 463. 

 — Samuels, 311. Passer pcnnsylvaniciis, Bkissojj, 1760, Appeudi-x, 77. Fringilla 

 pennsi/lvaniai. Lath. Index, 1, 1790, 445. — AUD. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 42; V, 497, 

 pi. viii. — 1b. Syn. 1839, 121. — Ib. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 153, pi. cxci. — Max. Cab. 

 Jour. VI, 1858, 276. Fringilla (Zonotrichia) pennsylvanica, Sw. F. 11. .Viii. II, 1S31, 

 256. Zonotrichia pennsylvanica, Bo.v. List, 1838. 



Sp. Ciiai!. Two black stripes on the crown, separated Iw a median one ol' white. A 

 broad superciliary stripe from the base of the mandible to the occiimt, yellow as far as the 

 middle of the eye and white behind this. A broa<l black streak on the side of the head 

 fi'om behind tlie eye. Chin whitti, abruptly defined against the dark ash of the sides of 

 the head and upper part of the breast, fading into white on the belly, and margined by a 

 narrow black maxillary line. Edge of wing and axillaries yellow. Back and edges of 

 secondaries rufous-brown, the former streaked with dark brown. Two narrow white 

 bands acro.ss the wing-coverts. Length, 7 inches; wing, 3.10; tail. 3.20. Young of the 

 year not in the collection. 



Had. Eastern Province of North America to the Missouri. Breeding in most of the 

 northern United States and British Provinces, and wintering in tiie United States almost to 

 their southern limit. Aberdineshire, England, August 17, 1867 (Zoologist, Feb., 1869, 

 1547 ; P. Z. S. 1857, 52). Scotland (Np.wto.v, Pr. ZoOl. Soo. 1870, 52). 



