FKINGILLID.E — TH K FINCHES 



579 



einaiginate and rounded. Feathers rather narrow ; oval at the end. No streaks on the 

 head or body ; color above unilorm on the head, back, or rntnp, sepai'ately or on all to- 

 gether. Belly white ; outer tail-feathers white. Young liirds streaked above and below. 



The essential characters of this genus are the middle toe rather sliorter 

 than the sliort tarsus ; the lateral toes sliglitly unec^ual, the outer reaching 

 the base of tlie middle claw ; the tail a little shorter than the wings, sliglitly 

 emarginate. In Junro cinc.rcus the claws are longer ; the lower mandible a 

 little lower than tlie upper. 



Species and Varieties. 



Common CnARACXKRS. Prevailing oulor iilunibcinis; alidomen. crissnm, and 

 lateral tail-feathers white. 



A. Bill entirely light flesh-colored, dusky only at extreme point. Color of 

 jngulum (deep a.sh or plumbeous-black) abruptly defined against the pure 

 white of the abdomen. 



a. Posterior outline of the dark color of the jugulum convex ; sides 

 pinkish. 



1. J. oregonus. Back and wings more or less tinged witli dark 

 rusty, in sharii contrast with the black ( ^) or ash ( 9 ) of the head 

 and neck. Hah. Pacific Province of North America, from Sitka 

 southward ; ea-st across the Middle Province of United States, to 

 the Rocky Mountains (where mixed with J. cankeps ') occasionally 

 to the Plains (where mixed with J. hi/emalis'). 



b. Posterior outline of the dark color of tlie jugukmi concave ; sides asliy. 



2. J. hyemalis. Back and wings without rusty tinge. 



Wing without any white ; tliree outer tail-feathers only, 

 marked with white. Bill, .40 and .25 ; wing, 3.10 ; tail, 2.80 ; 

 tar.sus, .80. Hab. Eastern Province North America. Straggling 

 west to Arizona (CouEs) ; in tlie northern Rocky Mountains, 

 mixed with J", orej/ow MS ..... var. hy em a I is , 



Wing with two white bands (on tips of middle an<l greater 

 coverts) ; four outer tail-feathers marked with white. Bill, .50 

 and ..'30; wing, 3.40; tail, 3.20. Hah. High mountains of 

 Colorado (El Paso Co., Aiken) .... var.aiJceni. 



3. J. caniceps. Back (interscapulars) rufous: .scapulars and wings 

 unifniin ashy. Ilab. Central Rocky Mountains of United States. 

 (Along southern boundary mixed with J. cinereiis?) 



1 Hybriil lutwecii orec/onus ami niniccps, = " mmedens," H.\IHD, Geol. Siirv. Cal. Orn. 1, 

 p. 564. 



CllAll. Pinkish .sidi-s and convex outline to ash of breast, as in orcgmius, with the bright 

 rufous back and ashy head, with black lores of caniceps : a tendency in the rufous of back to 

 tinge the wings, as in orerjnnus. Hab. Southern Rocky Mountains. (Fort Whipjile, Arizona, 

 OouES ; Fort Bridger, Wyoming, Drexler ; Fort liurgwyn. Mountains of Colorado, AiivEN.) 



^ Hybrid between hyemalis and oregonus. 



Char. Plumbeous back of hjemalis, with pinki.sh sides of nregonus ; or else reddish back of 

 oregonus and plumbeous sides of hyemalis, or colors mi.\ed both above and below, ffab. Sun 

 River, Dakota ; McKenzie River District ? Fort Whipple, Arizona ; and Fort Bridger, Wyoming. 



' Hybrid between caniceps and einereiis, = " dorsalis" Henry, Pr. Phil. Ac. 1S58, 117; 

 Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 467. 



CiiAR. Rufous restricted to interscapular region, as in the former, with black upper mandible, 

 and pale ash throat of the latter. Hah. Fort Thorn, New Mexico. 



