580 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



B. Bill with the upper niamlible black, the lower yellow. Ash of the 

 jugulum failing p-radually into the grayish-white of the abdomen. 



4. J. cinereus. Whole back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and tcrtials 

 rufous. 



Throat and jugulum pale ash ; fiaclv l.iright rufous. Wing, 

 3.10; tail, 3.00; bill, .34- and .25; tarsus, .80. Hah. Table- 

 lands an<i mountains of Me.Kico. . . . var. ci'n ereM«.' 



Thro.at and jugulum deep ash ; back dull, or olivaceous- 

 rufous. Wing, 3.15; tail, 3.10; bill, .44 and .34; tarsus, .90. 

 Hah. High mountains of Guatemala. . . . var. alttcola? 



Junco hyemalis, sclateb. 



SNOWBIRD. 



Fringilla hyemalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, (10th i-d.,) 17.i3, 183 (not of Gmf.lin or Ij.\tham). 



— AUD. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 72; V, 505, pi. xiii. — Max. Cab. Jour. VI, 1858, 277. 

 Fringilla (Hpiza) hyemalis, Ron. Syn. 1828, 109. Emberiza hyemalis, Linn. Syst. 

 Nat. I, 1766, 308. Slruihns hyemalis, BoN. List, 1838. — Ib. Consp. 1850, 475. 

 Niphcea hyemalis, AuD. Synopsis, 1839, 106. — Ib. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 88, pi. clxvii. 

 Juttco hyemalis, Sclater, Pr. Zobl. Soc. 1857, 7. — Baikd, Birds N. Am. 1858, 468. 



— CotTEs, P. A. N. S. 1861, 224. — D.VLL& Bannister, Tr. Ch. Ac. I, 1869, 284.— 

 Samuels, 314. Fringilla hudsonia, Foustek, Philos. Trans. LXII, 1772, 428. — 

 Gmelin, I, 1788, 920. — Wilson's Index, VI, 1812, p. xiii. Fringilla nivalis, 

 Wilson, II, 1810, 129, pi. xvi, f. 6. 



Sp. Ciiak. Everywhere of a grayish or dar-k ashy-l)lack, deepest anteriorly ; the mid- 

 dle of the breast behind and of the belly, the under tail-coverts, and first and second 

 external tail-feathers, white ; the third tail-feather white, margined with black. Length, 

 6.25; wing, about 3. Female paler. In winter washed with brownish. Young streaked 

 above and below. 



Hab. Eastern United States to the Missouri, and as far west as Black Hills. Stragglers 

 at Fort Whipple, Arizona, and mountains of Colorado. 



The wing is rotnided ; the second quill longest ; the third, fourth, and 

 fifth, successively, a little shorter; the first longer than the sixth. Tail 

 slightly rounded, and a little einargiuate. In the full spring dress there is 



' Junco cincreiis, Cabanik, Mexiran Snowbird. Fringilla cincrea, Sw. Syn. Birds Mex. in 

 Phil. Mag. I, 1S27, 435. Junco cinereus, Cabani.s, llus. Hpin. 18.00, 134. — Baihd, Birds 

 N. Am. 1858, 465. "Fringilla rufidorsis, LloilT.," Bonai'ARTE ; probably a catalogue name. 

 Janco phmonolus, Wagleii, Isis, 1831, 526. — Bonap. ComptPS Rendus, XXXVII, 518. 



Sp. Char. Ash-color above ; with a broad quadrate interscapular patch of rufous-chcstimt, 

 this extending over the wing-coverts and inner secondaries. Beneath paler ash, lighter in 

 middle region below, hut without distinct line of demarcation. Lores and anterior region of eye 

 dusky ; in decided contrast. Outer three tail-feathei's white, but dusky at ba.se and on outer web 

 at end ; the amount increasing internally. Upper bill entirely black ; lower yellow. Length, 

 6.40 ; height of bill, .25 ; culnien, .46. Ilab. Table-lands of Mexico. 



■■* Juncn aUicola, Salvin, Guatemalan Snowbird. Junco allicola, Sai.vin, P. Z. S. 1863, 189 

 (Highlands, Guatemala). — Tn. Ibis, 1806, 193. 



Sp. Char. Similar to J. cinereus, but darker than Mexican species, with less contrast between 

 the rufous of back and the ash of head. Tail with less white. Bill much larger : height, .34 ; 

 (■ulnii'U, .56. ITiili. Higldanils of (iuatcmala. 



