CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



Introuiction. — The Kklations ov Hiiius ro Max .... 1 



I. — The Methods of Studyl\(; the Fuok of liruns ... 9 



II. — The Develoi'Ment of Ecg.nomic Or.mthoi.o(;y 17 



III. — The Vegetable Food of Birds 27 



IV. — The Animal Food of Birds 42 



V. — The Amoint of Food consumed by Birds r)9 



VI. — Birds as IiEciULATORS of Outbreaks of In.iurious Animals G8 



VII. — The Bel.a.tions of Birds to Predaceous and Parasitic 



Insects 81 



VIII. — The Thrushes and their Allies 86 



IX. — The Nuthatches, Titmice, Creepers, and Wrens .... 105 



X. — The Warblers and the Vireos 112 



XI. — The Shrikes, W^axwings, Swallows, and Tanagers . . . 122 



XII. — The Finches and Sparrows 132 



XIII. — The English Sparrow and the Starling 144 



XIV. — The Orioles, Blackbirds, Crows, and Jays 156 



XV. — The Flycatchers, Humming-Birds. Swifts, and Xighthawks 174 



XVI. — The Woodpeckers. Kingfishers, and Cuckoos ISl 



XVII.— The Owls 195 



XVIII. — The Hawks, Eagles, Kites, and Vultures 205 



XIX. — The Pkjeons. (Jrouse, and Shore-Birds 219 



XX.— The Water-Birds 239 



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