Till': AMMAL Fool) oK lilUDS. 



4!) 



nol aflcM'l lliciii s(» sci'ioiisly ;is llicy do I lie iiiscds (»!" many 

 oUk'I" groups. 



The loar-iiiiiicrs (lil'tcr Iroiii the leal-rollers in llial llic larv;e 

 live within the tissues of the leaf, as in tli<' case of tlie apple 

 l(^af-ininer illustrated on the opposite ])a,ire. 



The families of loopiiiLj;- or ineasiirin*^- caterpillars — (icomc- 

 truke and its allies — are of special interest from an ornitho- 

 logical point of view because they contain many species which 

 in their larval state so closely resemble small twigs that tliey 

 easily escape the notice of birds. A few species, like the 

 canker-worm, are of much economic importance on account 

 of their injuries to tlie foliage of fruit and shade trees. Such 

 species, as a rule, are less perfectly protected in their resem- 

 blance to twigs than others, and when abundant are freely 

 eaten by birds. The moths of these families have slender 

 bodies and comparatively large wings, although sometimes the 

 females are wingless. 



The great family of night-flying or owlet moths — called by 

 entomologists Xocfii idcv — 

 includes a large number of 

 the most injurious insects. 

 The boll- worm of cotton, 

 the army-worm, and the 

 various cut-worms, all be- 

 long here. The cut-worms 

 are rather thick, naked 

 worms which hatch from 

 eggs laid bv medium-sized 



(Fr 



THE ARMY-WORM. 



\>'ii' York Expcruinnl St(iti< 



moths. Most of them feed 



upon grass or clover when young, becoming half grown before 

 winter. They hibernate benc^ath some shelter and in spring 

 come forth in searcli of food, attacking a vai'iety of young plants 

 by biting off the slcnis and lecding on llie lea\ cs. 'Fliey become 

 full grown during spring or early summer, pu[»at(> beneath the 

 soil surface, and a fortnight or more later emer<^e as moths. 



