FAM. XXII. WOODPECKERS 



173 



1. Ivory-billed Woodpecker (392. CampepMlus princij)clUs). — 

 A large, scarce, southern, white-billed, distinctly crested, black 

 woodpecker, with a white line on each side of neck and body 

 and a white blotch on tips of secondaries. The crest of the 

 male is scarlet, of the female black. This is a shy bird of the 

 dense, southern, cypress forests. 



Length, 20 ; wing, 10 (9-10^) ; tail, 6|; tarsus, 2 ; culmen, 23. Now 

 found only locally in the lower Mississippi Valley and in the Gulf States. 



2. Hairy "Woodpecker (393. Dryohhtes villdsus). — A small, 

 white-spotted woodpecker, with much black on the upper parts 

 and white below. The Avhite spots of 

 the wings give them a barred appearance 

 when the bird is at rest, and the white of 

 the center of the back forms a longitudi- 

 nal band ; the head has streaks of black 

 and white. The male has a scarlet patch 

 on the nape. The under tail feathers are 

 white and not barred. 



Length, 9' ; wing, 4J (4\-5) ; tail, 3.\; tar- 

 sus, I ; culmen, 1*. Wandering but not migra- 

 tory. Northern and middle portion of the United 

 States from the Plains eastward. The Southern 

 Hairy Woodpecker (393 *». B. v. atidubonii) of the 

 South Atlantic and Gulf States is a smaller vari- 

 ety and with less of white. Wing, 4^-4| ; tail, o. 

 There is a northern variety which has a wing 

 5-5| long found in the northern portions of North 

 America. Hairy Woodpecker 



3. Downy Woodpecker (394. Dryoh(ltes puhescens). — A smaller, 

 more common woodpecker than the last, but Avith almost the 

 same arrangement of colors. This species has the white of the 

 under tail feathers cross-barred with black. After becoming 

 familiar vAt\\ the notes of Nos. 2 and 3, one can distinguish them 

 by their voices. As '^Iv. Brewster says, the downy woodpecker 

 species "has a long unbroken roll," while the hairy woodpecker 

 has "a shorter and louder one with a greater interval betwaen 

 each stroke." The downy woodpecker is much more abundant 



