70 NORTH AifERICAN BIRDS. 



Species and Varieties. 

 CoMMo^j Characters. ^. Head ami upper paits (except rump) deep black. 

 Two bro.id bauds across coverts, a large patch on base of primaries, and ter- 

 minal half of inner webs of tail-feathers, pure white. Breast carmine or cinna- 

 mon ; a.xillars and lining of wing carmine or gamboge. 9. Black replaced by 

 ochraceous-brown ; other parts more streaked. 



H. ludovicianus. Rump and lower parts white; lining of wing, and patch 

 on ljrt;:L-;t, rosy carmine. No nuchal collar. Female. Lining of wing 

 saffion-yellow ; breast with numerous streaks. Hab. Eastern Province 

 of North America, south, in winter, to Ecuador. 



H. melanocephalus. Rump and lower parts cinnamon-rufous; lining of 

 wing and middle of abdomen gamboge-yellow. A nuchal collar of rufous. 

 Female. Lining of wing lemon-yellow; breast without streaks; abdomen 

 tinged with lemon-yellow. 



Crown continuous black. No post-ocular rufous stripe. JIab. Moun- 

 tains of Mexico, and Central Rocky Mountains of United States. 



var. melanocephalus. 

 Crown divided by a longitudinal rufous stripe ; a distinct post-ocular 

 stripe of the same. Hab. Western Province of United States, south, 

 in winter, to Cohma var. capr talis. 



Hedymeles ludovicianus, !^wainson. 



EOSE-BEEASTED GROSBEAK. 



Loxia hidoviciaiia, Linn. Syst. Xat. I, 1766, 306. — WiLsox, Am. Orn. II, 1810, 135, pi. 

 xvii, f. 2. Guiraca litdoviciana, Swainsox, Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 438. — BoXAP. List, 

 1838. — Ib. Consp. 18.50, 501. — Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 497. — Samuel.s, 328. 

 FrhigiUa ludovieiana, Aitd. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 166; V, 513, pi. cxxvii. Pijrrhula 

 ludoviciana. Sab. Zool. App. Franklin's Narr. Coccothraustcs ludovieiana, Rich. List, 

 Pr. Br. Ass. 1837. Coccoborus ludovicianus, AuD. Syn. 1839, 133. — 1b. Birds Am. 

 in, 1841, 209, pL 205. — Max. Cab. J. VL 1858, 267. "Goniaphm ludoviciana, 

 BowDiCH." Hedymeles ludoviciana, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. 1851, 153. Fringilla 

 puuicca, Gmelix, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 921 (male). Loxia obscura, Gmelin, I, 1788, 

 862. Loxiarosea, WiLsox, Am. Orn. pi. xvii, f. 2. Coccothraustcs rabricollis, Vieillot, 

 Galerie des Ois. I, 1824, 67, pi. Iviii. 



Sp. Char. Upper parts generally, with head and n(>ck all round, glos-'jy black. A 

 broad crescent across the upper part of the bre.ist, extending narrowly down to the belly, 

 axillaries, and under wing-coverLi, carmine. Rest of under parts, rump and upper tail- 

 coverts, middle wing-coverts, spots on the tertiaries and inner great wing-coverts, basal 

 half of primaries and secondaries, and a large patch on the ends of the inner webs of the 

 outer three tail-feathers, pure white. Length, 8.50 inches ; wing, 4.15. 



Female without the white of quills, tail, and rump, and without any black or red. 

 Above yellowLsh-brown streaked with darker; head with a central stripe .ibove, and a 

 superciliary on each side, white. Beneath dirty white, streaked with brown on the 

 breast and sides. L'nder wing-coverts and axillars saffron-yellow. 



In the male the lilack feathers of the back and sides of the neck have a subterminal 

 white bar. There are a few black spots on the sides of the breast just below the red. 



The young male of the year is like the female, except in having the axillaries, trader 

 wing-coverts, and a trace of a patch on the bre.ist, light rose-red. 



The depth of the carmine tint on the under parts varies a good deal in different speci- 

 mens, but it is always of the same rosy hue. 



