442 



REVIEW OF AMERICAN BIRDS. 



[part I. 



still more different : the more distinct dark transverse waved lines 

 extend over the whole under surface from chin, except about the 

 anal region ; the upper parts almost continuously ochrey brown ; 

 the black eye stripe indicated only bj rather dusky ears ; the white 

 at base of primaries nearly or entirely wanting ; the white at end 

 of tail feathers more restricted. Every grade of coloration between 

 these extremes is to be met with. 



As usual in American birds, the more boreal specimens are de- 

 cidedly the larger. The species probably does not breed within the 

 limits of the United States, except possibly in the northern portions 

 of the mountain regions ; but in winter it is found over the entire 

 breadth of the country to quite a southern latitude. 



Lanius major, Pallas, Zoog. Rosso-As. I, 1831, 401, and Key- 

 SERLING & Blasius, Wirb. Europas, 1, 1840, Ix, and 193, from North- 

 eastei-n Europe and Siberia, judging from the description, appears 

 to resemble borealis in size and other characters ; the dark inner 

 webs of the secondaries ; the diminished amount of black anterior 

 to the eye ; the whitish rump, and the waved lines of the under 

 parts, as well as in having the tarsus shorter than the gape. The 

 rump, however, is said to be waved transversely with dusky, and 

 the eyelids to be white, as in excuhitor, not black. 



The differences in color of G. horealis from ludovicianns and 

 excuhitoroides are shown in the preliminary diagnoses. The bird 

 is stouter in form, with proportionally longer bill, and decidedly 

 shorter tarsi. The tarsi are considerably shorter than those of 

 excuhitoroides. 



Specimens examined, fifty-three. The more important localities 

 are the following : — 



(27,312.) With eggs. (707.) 9.80 ; 14.50; 4.50. (39,369.) 10.20; 14.S0. 



