FALCUNID.E — THE FALCONS. 183 



You7ig. Feathers of the upper parts bordered terminally witli wliite. Sexes 

 alike (?). 



Wing, 17.00-20.50; tail, 7.00- 10.00; eulmen, 1.20-1.45; tarsus, 

 1.95-3.15; middle toe, 1.50-1.90. Second or third quills longest 

 (in eighteen specimens from Europe and Asia). First longer than fifth. 

 Breast always (?) spotted with brownish, or uniformly so ; top of head 

 with the black streaks usually predominating. Tail with six to seven 

 narrow black bands, continuous across botli webs. ffab. Northern 

 Hemisphere of the Old World var. halicBtus} 



Wing, 17.50-21.50; tail, 8.70-10.50; eulmen, 1.25-1.40; tarsus, 2.00- 

 2.40 ; middle toe, 1.70 - 2.00. Second and third quill longest. Breast 

 often entirely without spots ; top of head and nape usually with dark 

 streaks predominating. Tail with six to seven narrow black bands, 

 continuous across both webs. Hob. Northern Hemisphere of the 

 New World ........ var. ''carolinensis." 



Wing, 17.50-19.50; tail, 9.00-10.00; eulmen, 1.25-1.40; tarsus, 

 2.10 ; middle toe, 1.70 - 1.9.5. Third quill longest, but second just per- 

 ceptibly shorter (eight specimens, including Gould's types). Breast 

 with the markings sometimes (in two out of the eight examples) 

 reduced to sparse shaft-streaks, but never (?) entirely immaculate. 

 Top of the head with the white streaks usually predominating, some- 

 times (in three out of the eight specimens) immaculate white (the 

 occiput, however, always with a few streaks). Tail with six to seven 

 white bands on the inner webs, which (according to Kaup) do not 

 touch the shaft. Ilab. Australia . . . var. " leucocephalu s." ' 



1 Pandion halioetus, var. Jialicetus (Linn.). Aquila halicctiis, Briss. Orn. 1, 440, pi. xxxiv. 

 Falco halicetiis, Linn. S. N. I, 1766, 129. Pandion halicetiis. Less. Man. Orn. I, 86. Fako 

 anindinaceus, Gmel. 1733. Pandion fluvialis, S.iViGN. Descr. Egyp. 1, 96, 1809. Pandion 

 alticeps and ^jtoiicc/js, Brehji, Tog. Deutschl. 33, 1831. Pandion indicus, Hodgs. Cat. Gray's 

 Misc. 81. 



Specimens examined. — Nat. Mus., 3; Bost. Soc, 2; Philad. Acad., 3; other sources, 10. 

 Total, 18. 



Measurements. — S . Wing, 18.00-18.50; tail, 8.50-8.70; eulmen, 1.20-1.30; tarsus, 

 1.95-2.00 ; nuddle toe, 1.50-1.80. Specimens, 4. ?. Wmg, 19.50-20.50 ; tail, 9.00-9.50 ; 

 eulmen, 1.35-1.45 ; tarsus, 2.00-2.10 ; middle toe, 1.85-1.90. Specimens, 4. 



Five specimens from the Paliearetic Region (including one from Japan and one from Morocco) 

 compare with three from India as follows : — 



Palsearctic specimens : Wing, 18.70- 20.40 ; tail, 9.00-10.00 ; eulmen, 1.28 - 1.35 ; tarsus, 

 2.15; middle toe, 1.75-1.80. 



Indian specimens : Wing, 17.00-19.75; tail, 7.00-8.75; eulmen, 1.28 - 1.35 ; tarsus, 2.00; 

 middle toe, 1.75. 



The Indian specimens are slightly darker than the northern ones. In the nortlieni series, the 

 smallest is one from Morocco. This has the breast as white as any Australian example, and lias 

 the liead and neck above as light as in many of them. The Japanese specimen is exactly like 

 European ones in color, but is intermediate between them and the Indian ones in size, measuring, 

 wing, 17.50; tail, 8.80; eulmen, 1.30; tarsus, 2.15; middle toe, 1.60. The smallest in the 

 series is one from Celebes, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge (So. 12,196). 

 This one measures, wing, 15.20; tail, 7.50; eulmen, 1.20; tarsus, 2.00; and middle toe, 1.60. 

 In colors it approaches very closely to var. leucoceplmlus. 



'^ Pandion haliaihts, var. hucocepluilus (Gould). Pandion fluviat His, var. 1, Less. Tr. Orn. 

 1831, 46. Pandimi leacocepludus, Gould, Synop. B. Austr. I, 1832, 22, pi. vi. Pandion youldi, 

 Kaup, Isis, 1847. 



Specimens examined. — Philad. Acad., 8 (Goidd's types) ; Boston Soc, 1. Total, 9, 



