282 NORTH AMKRICAN BIRDS. 



the scapulars and wing-coverts; beneath wliite, usually with a belt of blackish spots 

 across the abdomen ; sometimes wholly dusky or blackish beneath, but the pectoral region 

 always appreciably lighter than the abdomen ; under surface of primaries plain white 

 anterior to their emargination. Young. Tail grayish-brown, with nine or ton narrow, 

 sharply defined bands of blackish. Pattern of other parts as in the adult, but the white 

 purer, and the plumage generally with less rufous. 



Hab. Entire continent of Nortli America ; West Indies. 



The plumage varies from wholly dusky Ijlackisli, with a paler, more 

 brownish, pectoral area, aud the tail of the adult with numerous black 

 bars, or indications of bars, to the very base (var. calurus), through va- 

 rious proportionate degrees of rufous aud dusky, to entirely pure white 

 beneath, without any spotting ; the tail of the adidt without a single 

 black bar (vars. krideri and liicasanus). 



Var. borealis, GjnxiN. 

 EASTERN KED-TAIL. 



4 



Falco barcalis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. jj. 266, 1789. — Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 25, 1790 ; S>ti. I, p. 

 50, 1780 ; Supp. II, 34, 1787 ; Gen. Hist. I, p. 265, 1821. — Daud. Tr. Orn. II, 157, 

 1800. —Shaw, Zobl. VII, 112, 1812. —WiLS. Am. Orn. pi. Hi, fig. 1, 1808. —Sab. 

 Frankl. Exp. p. 670. — Wagl. Isis, p. 517, 1831. — Bonap. Ann. N. Y. Lye. II, pp. 

 32, 434 ; Isis, p. 1138, 1832. —AvD. Birds Am. pi. U, 1831 ; Cm. Biog. I, p. 265, 

 1831; Syn. VI. — Gray, Genera, 1840. — Rich. F. B. A. II, 50, 1831. — Nutt. 

 Man. I, 102, 1840. — GossE, Buds Jam. II, 1847. — Doron. Cab. I, 229, pi. xxx, 

 1830. Buteo borealis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. IT, p. 478, 1819 ; Enc. Sleth. 



III, p. 1222, 1823. — ViG. Zobl. Journ. I, p. 340 ; Zobl. Beech. Voy. p. 15. — Steph. 

 Zobl. XIII, pt. 2, p. 47, 1826. — Less. Tr. Orn. ji. 79, 1831. — Ja.mes. (Wils.) Am. 

 Orn. I, pp. 82, 84, 1808. — Jakd. (Wils.) Am. Oni. II, pp. 280, 282, 1808.- Brew. 

 (Wils.) Am. Orn. p. 450; Syuop. p. 684. — Bosap. Eur. & N. Am. B. p. 3, 1838; 

 Consp. .A.V. p. 19. -Arc. Sjiiop. p. 6, 1839. — Gk.\v, Gen. B. fol. sp. 6, 1844 ; List 

 B. Brit. Mus. p. 34, 1844. — PucHEit. Rev. Zobl. p. 214, 1850. — GossE, B. Jam. p. 

 11, pi. ii, 1847. — Ca.ss. B. Cal. & Tex. Syn. p. 97, 1854; Proc. Ac. Sc. Philad. p. 

 279, 1855. — Gamb. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. N. S. I, p. 26. — Nittt. Man. Orn. 

 U. S. & Canad. p. 102, 1833. — De Kay, Zobl. N. Y. II, p. 9, pi. viii, f. 17 (Juv.), 

 1844. — Peab. Bo.st. Journ. Nat. Hist. Ill, p. 80, 1837. — Tho.mp. Hist. Verm. App. 

 p. 63, 1853. — Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp. p. 62, 1848. — Towxs. Sit. Exp. Zuni & Color, 

 p. 59. — Kaup, TJeb. Falk. Mus. Senck. p. 261, 1845. — Strickl. Orn. Syn. I, 29, 

 1855. —Max. Cab. Journ. VI, 1858, 17. — Blaki.st. Ibis, III, 1861, 318. — Wood, 

 Am. Nat. Ill, 1869, 393. —Gray, Hand List, I, 1869, 7. Ast ur boreal is, Cw. Ekg. 

 An. (ed. 2), I, 332, 1829. — Swains. Class. B. I, 316 ; II, 215, 1837. Paxi/optenm 

 borealis, Kaup, Isis, Mon. Falc. Cont. Orn. 1850, p. 76. Falco Icvcrianus, Gmel. 

 Syst. Nat. 266, 1789. — Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 181, 1790 ; Syn. Supp. I, 31, 1787 ; Gen. 

 Hist. I, 620, 1821.- Daud. Tr. Orn. II, 126, 1800. —Shaw, ZobL VII, 151, 1812.— 

 Wils. Am. Orn. pi. lii (Juv.), 1808. — Arc. Oru. Biog. I, 265. fiuteo Icverianus, 

 ViG. Zobl. Journ. I, 340. — Steph. Zobl. XIII, pt. 2, p. 47, 1815. Falco aquilinus, 

 Bartr. Tran. p. 390, 1791. Accipiicr rujicaudus, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. pi. xiv, bis. 

 1807 Buleo fulvus, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. p, 34 ; Nouv. Diet. Hist. IV, p. 468 

 (qnot. F. jamaiccnsis], 1819. Buico ferrugineocaudns, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. pi. vi, 

 1807. — Cuv. R^g. An. (ed. 2), I, 337. Buteo ameriamxis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. Nat. 



IV, 477 ((luot.), Ois. Am. Merid. pi. vi, Enc. Meth. Ill, 1224, 1823. 'i Buteo galli- 

 nivorus, Vieill. Ois. Buteo borealis, Brewek, N. A. Oblog^', 1857. 



