324 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Haliaetus albicilla (Lixx). 



GBAY S£A-EAGL£. 



Aquila albiciHa, Briss. Orii. I, i27, 17o0. — Pall. Zoog. Koss. As. I, 345, ISU. — Ben- 

 ICK. Isis, 1824, pp. 878, 8S)2. — SwAix.s. Classif. B. II, 207, 1837. — Kuhl. Beitiiig. 

 Zool. pt. i, p. 76 (anat.), 1820. — Tyzeshauz, Rev. Zobl. 1848, p. 23.5.— Bailly, 

 Orn. Sav. I, 110, 1853. — S. Longch. Faun. Belg. p. 53, 1842. Vultur albicilla, 

 Liss. Syst. Nat. p. 123, 1766. Falco albiciHa, Penn. Brit. Zoiil. p. 61, pi. A, 1812; 

 ed. 8vo, 1812, I, 209, pi. xviii. — Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 253, 1789. — Lath. Ind. Orii. 

 I, 9, 1790 ; Syn. I, 33, 1781 ; Supp. I, 11, 1802 ; Gen. Hist. I, 46 A, 1821. — Opmann', 

 Nor. Act. Soc. Up.s, IV, 225. — Shaw, Zobl. VII, 79, 1812. — Tkm.m. Man. Orn. pt. 

 i, 49 ; pt. iii, 26, 1820 ; Tab. Meth. p. 3, 1836. — KlTTL. Kupf. Vog. pi. ii, f. 2, 1832. 



— Bruxn. Om. Bor. p. 3, 1764. — F.^bei;, Prod. Island, Orn. p. 1, 1822. —Naum. Nat. 

 Vog. Deutschl. ed. nov. I, 224, pis. .\ii, xiii, xiv, 1822 ; Naclitr. p. 330, pi. ix, f. 17. 



— Frisch, Vog. Deutschl. pi. Ixix, 70, 1739. Haliaetus albicilla, Ccv. Reg. Anim. 

 (cd. 1), I, 315, 1817 ; (ed. 2), I, 336, 1829. — Benn. Card. Zobl. Soc. II, 33, 1831.— 

 Werx. Atl. Ois. Eur. 1826. —Less. Man. Orn. I, 85, 1828. — Vie. Raffl. Life, p. 648. 

 Selbt, Brit. Om. I, 18, pi. iii, iii% 1833. — Gould, B. Eur. pl. x, 1837. — Boxap. 

 Eur. & N. Am. B. p. 3, 1838 ; Gat. Uce. Eur. p. 19, 1842 ; Consp. Av. p. 15, 1850 ; 

 Rev. et Mag. Zobl. p. 531, 1854. — Cass. B. Calif. & Tex. I, p. Ill, 1854. — Gray, 

 Gen. B. p. 3 ; ed. 2, p. 4 ; fol. sp. 1, pl. vii, fig. 8. — Brehm. Vog. Deutschl. I, 14, 

 pl. iii, f. 1, 1831.— Cass. Birds N. Am. 43, 1858.- Sclat. Pr. Z. S. 1863, 257 (found in 

 Newfoundland and Nova Scotia — this disproven !). — Elliot, Birds N. A. I. Jlaliai'ttts 

 albicilla. Gray, Hand List, I, 16, 1869. Aquila ossifraga, Briss. Om. I, p. 437 (Juv.), 

 1760. — Kuhl, Beitriig. Zobl. pt. i, p. 60, pl. iv, figs. 1, 3, 3 ; pl. v, f. 1. Falco ossi- 

 fragjis, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 124, 1766. —Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 255, 1789. —Lath. 

 Ind. Orn. p. 12, 1790 ; Syn. I, 30, 1781 ; Supp. I, 9, 1802 ; Gen. Hist. I, 48 {Juv.), 

 1821. — Daud. Tr. Om. II, 64, 1800. -Shaw, Zobl. VII, pl. xviii, 1809. — Raffl. 

 Linn. Tr. VIII, 277 (var.). Aquila ImcoceplmUt, Meyer, Tascheub. Deutsch. Vbgelk. 

 p. 16, 1810. Falco mclaiwtus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 254, 1789. Falco albicaudus, 

 Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 258, 1789. Falco hinulnrius, L.\th. Ind. Orn. p. 15, 1790; Syn. 

 I, 39, sp. 16, 1781 ; Gen. Hist. I, 47 B, 1821.— Shaw, Zobl. VII, 80, 1809. Falco 

 pyijargiis, Daud. Tr. Orn. II, 62, 1800. Falco albicilla borculis, Faber, Isis, 1827, p. 

 56 ; Prod. Island, Om. p. 1, 1822. Haliwtus nisus, Savig. Descr. Egyp. pt. i, 86, 

 1809. — ViEiLL. Faun. Fran?, p. 10, pl. v, figs. 1, 2. — Degl. Mem. Soc. Sc. Lille, 

 1831, p. 213. — Less. Tr. Orn. p. 40, pl. viii, fig. 2, 1831. — Rorx, Om. Prod. I, 16, 

 pl. ix, X, 1825. 



Sp. Guar. Adult male (56,034, Europe; SclilUter Collection). Plumage almost con- 

 tinuously umber-brown, becoming black on the primaries ; on the head and neck approach- 

 ing pale grayish-brown. Tail (but not the coverts) white, much mottled with dusky at 

 base ; shafts of the quills white. Wing-formula, 3-2=4-5-6, 1. Wing, 23.00 ; tail, 

 11.50 ; culmen, 2.20; depth of bill, 1.45 ; cere, above, .85 ; tarsus, 3.30 ; middle toe, 2.50 ; 

 outer, 2.00; inner, 1.70; posterior, 1.40. Bill and feet yellow. 



Young. Head and neck blackish-brown, feathers whitish beneath the surface, the long 

 pencillate feathers of the nape tipped inconspicuou.sly with the same ; prevailing color of 

 the upper surface isabella-color (much more reddish than in corresponding age of leuco- 

 cephalus) each featlier with a terminal triangular spot of blackish-brown; tertials more 

 whitish. Secondaries rich dark brown: primaries deep black, their shafts dark brown. 

 Tail brownish-black much spotted with isabella-color, or soiled creamy-white, this occu- 

 pying most of the inner webs. Breast soiled w-hite, each feather with a conspicuous 

 broad medial stripe of brownish-black ; abdomen more fulvous ; tibiiE nearly uniform dark 

 brown. Rump nearly uniform vinaceous-fulvous. Bill black. Feet yellow. 



