544 



GLOSSARY. 



species, or a single species, constituting a 

 taxonomic group of value next below that of 

 the family. 



Gen'ys, n. See GoXTS. 



Geb'minal Vks'icle, n. Cell in the vitellus 

 having a diirk spot. 



Gidbose', I a. Swollen ; inotuberant ; humped ; 



Gib'bol's, j hunched. 



GiBBo.s'iTY, n. A swelling or protuberance. 



Gige'kh-m, n. Gizzard. 



Gin'glymus, 11. Iliuge-joiiit. The knee and 

 elbow are i/uujli/nurid, or hinged joints. 



Glab'kuus, a. Smooth. 



Gland, n. A soft Hesliy organ, in wliich fluids 

 of the body are modified to form new pro- 

 duets, to be u.sed in, or eliminated from, the 

 economy. But some organs without ducts, 

 and the function of which is unknown, are 

 called glmuls, as the thymus, thyroid, and 

 pineal. The liver is the largest (jland of the 

 body. The proventriculus is ay land iilar organ. 



Gl.a.x'duL-4R, a. Pertaining to glands ; having 

 glands ; consisting of glands. 



Glans, n. Head of the penis. 



Glos'sa or Glot'ta, n. Tongue. 



Glos'so-hv'al, n. Principal lione of the tongue. 



Glo.s'.so-ph.\iivn'geal, a. Pertaining to the 

 tongue and jaws. A certain nerve is so called. 



Glu't.eal, a. Pertaining to the buttocks ; 

 certain muscles are so called. 



Glu't.eus, n. A nmscle of the side of the rump. 



Gnathid'U'M, n.; pi. giiathidin. Branch of 

 the lower jaw as far as it is naked. (Oftener 

 used in the plural.) (24.) 



Gnathotiie'ca, n. Coveriug of the lower man- 

 dible. (14.) 



Goxyde'ai., a. Pertaining to the mandibular 

 symphysis. 



Go'ny.s, n. Keel or lower outline of the bill as 

 far as the mandibular rami are united. (The 

 word is commonly but erroneously so written, 

 as if from the Greek (jonii, knee, or protu- 

 berance of the bill ; it is rather from the Greek 

 genus (gcnys), signifying chin. — Sundcvall.) 



Gob'get, n. Thioat-patcli, distinguished by 

 color or texture of the featlieis. 



Gra'diext, a. Walking or running by steps. 

 Opposed to saltatory^ or leaping. 



Gr.AD'rATED, a. (^hanging length at regular 

 intervals, in regular succession ; said chiefly 

 of the tail when its feathei's regularly sliorten 

 successively by more and more from the mid- 

 dle to the outer. 



GE.4MiNiv'onors, a. Gra.ss-eating. 



Gran'iv'(iK(ii".s, a. Seed-eating. 



Gban'ilate, a. Roughened with numerous 

 small elevations, like siiagreeu. (Said chiefly 

 of the tarsus.) 



Greater Wimj-cov'ekts, n. The single, lon- 

 gest, most posterior series of the secondary 

 set. (92.) 



GBorND-coi.'oR (in oologi/), n. The color of the 

 general surface of the egg-shell, as distin- 

 guished from its markings. 



GuYPAN'if.M, a. Noting a particular form of 

 bill, in which the culnien is nearly straight, 

 but bent down at the tip. 



Gu'la, h. Upper foreneck, adjoining chin ; 

 upper throat. {.'j2.) 



Gu'lar, a. Pertaining to the upper foreneck. 



Gut'tate, «. Having drop-shaped spots. 



GtT'ilKOK.M, a. Drop-shapecL 



Gur'TLK, n. The whole foreneck. (51.) (But 

 guttural is rarely used in this connection.) 



Gymnopje'dic, n. Synonymous with ^miVo- 

 ptedic. 



Gymnobui'NjU, a. Having unfeathered nos- 

 trils. 



Hab'itat, n. Locality or region frequented by 

 a species ; its geographical distribution. 



PL\B'lTrs, n. Habitude ; mode of life. 



H.tfK'LE, n. Long cervical feather of the do- 

 mestic cock. 



Hi'siAL Arch, ?!. The lower ring of a (ideal- 

 ly or actually) complete vertebra, enclosing a 

 section of the principal va-scular and visceral 

 systems, as the neural arch does a section of 

 the principal nervous system. In birds thu 

 hajnial arcii is comjilete only in the thoracie 

 region. 



H.e'.mal Spine, n. An ideal transverse section 

 of the stenium corresponding to any one pair 

 of ribs, completing the ha;mal arch inleri- 

 orly. 



HjEmapoph'ysis, 11. Segment, actual or poten- 

 tial, of the hffimal arch between the pleura- 

 pophysis and liiemal spine. In birds it ac- 

 tually exists in the thoracic region, as the 

 stenial rib, movably aiticulated with the 

 sternum and the vertebral rib, wliich latter 

 is the jileurapophysis. 



H^.MATlT'ir, a. Of a bloody -red color. 



H.e.matother'.ma, n. AVarm-blooded animals 

 collectively ; the antithesis is hamatocrya. 



HAL'Lfc.iL, a. Pertaining to the hallux. 



Hal'lux, n. The hind toe. The name is re- 

 tained, even when the hind toe is brought 

 round to the front. When the toe„s are in 

 pail's, it is the inner of the two hind ones, 

 exeeptiug in Trogonidcc. In the genus Pi- 

 coides the actual single hind toe is not the 

 hallux, but the fourth toe reversed, there be- 

 ing no hallux. This toe may always be 

 recognized by presence of not more than two 

 joints. It is the one usually wanting in three- 

 toed birds, and is frequently rudimentary or 

 functionless, even when present. Its large 

 size, with largest claw, and specialization of 

 its flexor muscle, marks the pas-serine or 

 highest group of birds. (129.) (Sometimes 

 written liallcT or allcx. ) 



H.vlo'nes, )i. pi. Certain appearances of the 

 yolk, probably due to the margins of its suc- 

 cessive layers. 



Ham'i'late, a. Hooked. 



HAM'fLfs, H. ; pi. hamuli. Hooked fringe ot 

 a barbule ; hooked barbicel. 



Hand-qvills, h. Primary ivmiges. (75.) 



Has'tate, a. Spear-head shaped. 



Head, h. (9, 29.) 



Heel, «. (107.) See Calcanei's and Talcs. 

 Tpper back part of tarso-metatarsus (tarsu.'i 

 or shank I, rarely resting ou the ground in 

 birds when standing erect. (Commonly, but 

 most improperly, called irnfe..) 



Heel-J(iixt, «. (103.) See Suffrago. The 

 tibio-tarsal articulation, as it is called : that 



