Family UPUPIDAE. 



Upupa epops L. — Hoopoe. 



(Plate 93, fig. a— c). 

 (Snouckaert: Avifauna Neerlandica, p. 58, No. 139). 



Colour of surface of shell: 



Average dimensions: 

 Average weight of shell: 

 Shape : 

 Nest: 



Site of nest: 



Number of eggs: 

 Breeding season: 

 Duration of incubation: 



varies, in different shades, from: 



(1) grey-white up to greenish or brownish 

 grey; 



(2) yellowish white up to dull brown. 

 Accessory spots and smears, caused in the 



nest-hole by humus acids, etc., frequently 

 occur. 



26 X 17.6 millimetres. 



0.34 gram. 



mostly elongated. 



in hollow trees the nesting material consists 

 of decayed wood found in the holes; in 

 other nesting places it consists of vegetable 

 material and feathers, sometimes mixed 

 with a little dry cow dung. 



in hollow trees; also sometimes in holes in 

 walls, under roots, and similar places. 



6—8, mostly 7. 



May— beginning of July. 



about 16 days. 



