Family CHARADRIIDAE. 



Vanellus vanellus (L.) — Lapwing. 



(Plates 136-137, fig. a-h) *). 

 (Snouckaert: Avifauna Neerlandica, p. 93, No. 219). 



Colour of surface of shell: 



Colour of spots: 



Average dimensions: 

 Average weight of shell : 

 Texture of shell: 

 Shape : 



Nest and its site: 



Number of eggs: 

 Breeding season: 

 Duration of incubation: 



dull olive greenish, greyish, yellowish, or 

 brownish. 



black; blackish brown; only shading info 

 rusty red or dark blood red in exceptional 

 cases; underlying spots show through ash- 

 colour. 



45.4 >; 32.7 millimetres. 



1.56 gram. 



fine, evenly granulated. 



mostly more or less pyriforni, either broad 

 and short, or elongated. 



on the ground in a slight hollow with some 

 vegetable material as bedding; sometimes 

 however without any lining. 



4 eggs (as an exception: 5). ') 



April, May, June. 



about 25 days; shorter periods of incubation, 

 of 17 or 18 days, are also frequently 

 stated. -) 



') See, as regards successive changes in the position of the eggs during 

 incubation, the illustrated article bij Mr. A. JOMAN in „De Levende Natuur", 

 12'h annual series, p. 196 et seq. 



") See: „De Levende Natuur", 16'!' annual scries, pp. 93—94. 



*) Abnormal eggs of a pathological nature are not depicted in this work, 

 as they do not fall within its scope. 



