136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tol. 58. 



The total length of the bone, measured in front, is 220 mm. The 

 side-to-sicle diameter at the middle of the shaft is 53 mm. ; the fore- 

 and-aft, 43 mm. This is to be compared with the measurements of 

 a similar bone of Elephas primigenius, as given below. 



ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS Blumenbach. 



Plate 9, figs. 1-7 ; plate 10, figs. 3-7 ; plate 11, figs. 1-6. 



The most important part of the collection sent from Bulverde 

 cave by Mr. Schuchardt consists of elephant remains which the 

 writer has been compelled to refer to that widespread and variable 

 species Elephas primigenius. These remains consist of a part of a 

 right maxilla, which bears the third (penultimate) and part of the 

 fourth (ultimate) milk molars of one individual (Cat. No. 9229) ; 

 the right second and third milk molars in a fragment of the maxilla ; 

 the detached upper left third milk molar; a detached lower second 

 milk molar and a detached lower third, apparently right, milk 

 molar, all of a second individual (Cat. No. 9230). There are also 

 fragments of milk molars of other young elephants. 



The maxilla and its contained teeth (pi. 9, fig. 1; pi. 11, fig. 5) 

 are to be described first. The underside of the fragment is buried 

 in the mingled clay and gravel of the bottom of the cave. The upper 

 surface is covered by an incrustation of clay, calcium carbonate, 

 and iron oxide. The front of the penultimate milk molar has been 

 slightly damaged in front, but it still presents five plates and the 

 hinder talon. It had been worn back to the talon, and it shows well 

 the thin and plicated enamel. Five plates occupy a line 44 mm. 

 long. The width of the tooth is 37 mm. 



The hindermost millc molar is represented by five plates and the 

 anterior talon. It had not been touched by wear, and the grinding 

 surface was almost hidden in cement. The writer has ground down 

 somewhat the front of the tooth in order to show the enamel. The 

 figures give a view of the inner face of the teeth and maxilla and a 

 view of the grinding surfaces. The five enamel plates and the in- 

 tervening plates of cement of the hindermost milk tooth are spanned 

 by a line 52 mm. long. There would thus be 9.6 of these plates in a 

 line 100 mm. long. In case the tooth originally had 12 plates, as is 

 probable, its length must have been close to 130 mm. The width is 

 49 mm. ; the height of the fourth plate, 78 mm. Of the upper hinder- 

 most milk molar of E. primigenius the writer has at hand no good 

 examples, but its size may be judged pretty well from specimens 

 of the corresponding lower teeth of Alaskan specimen. One of these 

 has been described and figured.'- It is estimated to have had a length 

 of about 110 mm., but it may have been longer. The same milk molar 

 in a lower jaw from Siberia (No. 8858, U.S.N.M.), with apparently 



» Iowa Geol. Rep., vol. 23, p. 403, pi. 54, fig. 9. 



