No. 2328. PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATES IN UNITED STATES— HAY. 187 



one plate and the talon missing in front, was close to 105 mm. in 

 length, 40 mm. in width, and 60 mm, in height. Twelve plates are 

 counted. The upper fourth milk molar referred to E. primigenius 

 is represented by No. 4836 of the United States National Museum, 

 sent from Waverly, Ohio.^ It is estimated to have been about 120 

 mm. long. Its width is 62 mm.; its height at the fifth plate is 

 110 mm. It is possible, however, that this tooth is the first true 

 molar; but, in any case, it has thinner ridge plates (10 in a 100 mm. 

 line) and the enamel is thinner. It resembles specimens of elephant 

 teeth from Alaska. An upper hindermost milk molar having coarser 

 plates than that of our Bulverde specimen is illustrated in A. Leith 

 Adams' work.^ At the same time, it is a narrower tooth. 



The Bulverde teeth which belonged to the other and younger indi- 

 viduals may now be described. The second upper milk molar (pi. 

 9, figs. 5, 6) is small. It has been slightly damaged in front; but 

 there appear to have been only two ridge plates and an anterior and 

 a posterior talon. The length was only about 17 mm. ; the width is 

 13 mm. The fine upper third milk molars have been only slightly 

 affected by wear (pi. 9, figs. 3, 4, 5, 6; pi. 11, fig. 1). They 

 measure 72 mm. in length, 43 mm. in width, and 48 mm. in height. 

 There are eight plates and front and rear talons. The lower third 

 milk molar, worn back only to the fourth plate, is 70 mm. long, 37 

 mm. wide, and 46 mm. high (pi. 9, fig. 2; pi. 11, figs. 3, 4). It 

 narrows toward the front end. Here, again, are eight plates and 

 front and rear talons. Only the bases of the two roots had been 

 formed, as is the case also with the npper teeth. In both the upper 

 and the lower third milk teeth there are the bases of two roots — a 

 smaller one in front supporting two plates of the upper teeth and 

 three of the lower one, and a larger hinder root for the other plates. 

 In the lower tooth (pi. 11, fig. 4) the interval between the two roots 

 is situated below nearly the middle of the length of the crown; in 

 the upper tooth (pi. 11. fig. 2) it is nearer the front of the tooth. 



Good specimens of the penultimate milk molars, upper and lower, 

 of EJephas primigenius are rare objects. The writer is now much in 

 doubt about the identity of a supposed lower tooth of this order de- 

 scribed^ from Alaska. It is almost certainly a much worn fourth 

 milk tooth. For information we must at present depend on teeth 

 described by A. Leith Adams in his work above cited. Those varied 

 from 39 mm. in length and 21 mm. in width of crown, to 83 mm. and 

 35 mm, respectively. The average was 56 mm. in length and 31 

 mm. in width. The teeth from Texas fall within these limits. 

 Adams gives illustrations of a number of these milk molars, upper and 



> Iowa Geol. Rept., vol. 23, p. 402, pi. 54, fig. 6. 



2 Mod. Brit. Foss. Eleph., p. 17, pi. 1. fig. 4. 



"Iowa Geol. Kept., vol. 23, p. 401, pi. 54, figs. 3. 4. 



