Art III.] Carney, Geology of Peny Township. 123 



similar climate have not always given like surface features. 

 The stratigraphy of the area has been the important control in 

 •the topographic effects of weathering. 



In the rocks of this area chemical weathering evidently has 

 been active ever since the appearance of vegetation to decay. 

 Silica is the only cement noted in the sandstones and conglom- 

 erates. Along the outcrops of the Black Hand and Sharon, 

 "honey combed'" surfaces (Fig. 5), and pronounced reentrant 

 angles in lines of major joints, show the corrosive work that is 

 being done today. In the Black Hand one mile south of Re- 

 form, and in the Sharon three miles south of Perryton, masses 

 of rock thirty to forty feet in maximum length and ten feet or 

 more in width have been detached and are working down the 

 slopes because of the widening of major joint planes slightly 

 oblique and parallel to face of cliff, the exposed surface becom- 

 ing the face of the new escarpment (Fig. 6). 



Since sandstone is so common, and so irregular in its bed- 

 ding, there is no uniformity in position of the water table. 

 Springs appear on the surface with little system. These springs 

 have rendered the slopes quite uneven ; apparently they have 

 had an important part in bringing about the prevailingly cren- 

 ate form of divide. 



The angle of surface slopes generally reveals the rock for- 

 mation present. The Logan slope is typical ; while the sharp- 

 er declines mark position of the coarser rock structures. The 

 gentler slopes of the former (Fig. 7) are often dotted with 

 blocks of the latter which are slowly weathering as they creep 

 down the grade. 



The major valley of the township is occupied by the 

 Wakatomaka Creek which flows from the south central part 

 northward, then at an angle of some forty degrees east of north 

 continues past Perryton entering Muskingum county. Two 

 tributary valleys from the north enter this valley, one heading 

 in the Claggett's hill area, locally called the "Highlands," the 

 other reaching into Fallsbury township. The valley of the 



'Andrews. Loc. cit. p. 76. 



