154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 93 



Around Trujillo the long-headed and undeformed type of the Early 

 Chimu people, according to Kroeber (1926b, 1930), was followed by 

 a fronto-occipitally deformed type in the Middle period and in Late 

 ( hiinu times by one often exhibiting simple occipital deformity. The 

 variety of fronto-occipital deformity characteristic of this part of the 

 coast lias been classified by Imbelloni (1933) as "tabular erecta," that 

 is, with the occipital flattening vertically directed. Examples are 

 shown in plates 11 and 12. 



In the Lima region the skulls of the Proto-Lima people, probably 

 slightly earlier in time than the Early Chimu of the north coast, are 

 said by Kroeber (1926a) to be undeformed. On the other hand, the 

 skulls of the Sub-Chancay people, a population in a later cultural 

 phase, show occipital flattening alone in the majority of cases. It is 

 noteworthy, too, that burial position correlates with this subdivision : 

 The Proto-Lima skeletons are found extended, whereas the Sub-Chan- 

 cay skeletons are flexed. 



in the Canete Valley, where Kroeber (1937) found Middle and Late 

 period burials, the skulls from the Middle period were the more ex- 

 tremely deformed. In this case the pressure had been applied both 

 high on the forehead and on the occiput in such a way as to broaden 

 and lower the height of the vault. Some of the Late skulls are said to 

 have simple occipital flattening. 



From Canete south into the Nazca area Kroeber (1926a) has 

 called attention to the constant association of heavy frontal deforma- 

 tion with the Sub-Nazca culture and of light simple occipital deforma- 

 tion with the late Chinca culture. Examples of extreme deformity 

 types from the south coast are shown in plates 13 and 14. The details 

 of these types, which have not been analyzed clearly as yet, seem to 

 vary from site to site or valley to valley. However, their correla- 

 tion with the several cultural phases is an established fact. As Kroe- 

 ber (1930, p. 71) remarks, "deformation, when its type and distribu- 

 tions have been worked out, promises to be an important and con- 

 venient criterion to culture classification because of the ease with 

 which cranial material usually is obtainable." 



In addition to these general correlations between cranial or de- 

 formity type and culture, as just outlined, a few measurements on 

 culturally identified skulls also have been published. For these 

 data we must acknowledge indebtedness again to Professor Kroeber. 

 As these measurements stand now, however, they are very little 

 more useful than those on earlier series identified only as to site. 

 The reason for this low valuation is the fact that these identified 

 specimens are small in number and most of them are deformed. 

 There are, in fact, data on only two small series: One from the 

 Chicama-Moche-Virii region (Kroeber, 1930), consisting of 49 adults 

 (8 Early, 6 Middle, and 35 Late), and the other from the Canete 



